Biomechanics
45 degrees for optimal distance
What is the optimal angle of release (for greatest distance)?
Humerus, Radius, Ulna
What are 3 bones in the arm?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and capillaries, or muscles and capillaries.
What is Diffusion?
In this category are: Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition, flexibility
What are 'health related' fitness components?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely
What is a SMART goal?
Centre of Gravity, Area of base of support, Line of Gravity
What are the 3 factors affecting balance?
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae.
What are muscles of the back?
Describe the process of inspiration and expiration.
The diaphragm contracts and expands opening the lungs and sucking in air. The diaphram relaxes as the lungs decrease in size and push out air.
What does the acronym SIDOF stand for?
Specificity, Intensity, Duration, Overload, Frequency.
This person would be bored, tired, sad, apathetic, nonchalent.
What would someone look like at low arousal?
What is the Magnus Effect?
The left side of the Heart
What side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?
= Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume
Define 'Minute Ventilation'
Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased temperature, increased blood pressure.
What are acute adaptations to exercise
This technique helps neural pathways to form, prepares muscles, helps provide a routine to normalise a competition environment, helps lower arousal levels
What is Mental Rehearsal
List 3 forces experienced by an olympic diver
Elasticity force from the diving board, buoyant force in water, gravity, air resistance, water resistance, friction on the diving board, drag (through air or water).
Define Reciprocal Inhibition using an example.
Reciprocal inhibition is a term for when muscles work in pairs to relax and contract simultaneously to cause movement. For example, in a football kick, the hip flexors will contract and shorten to flex the leg, while the gluteals relax to extend, allowing the leg to come forward.
Describe the flow of air in the respiratory system.
inhale through nose or mouth, air travels down the pharynx (back of the throat), passes through your larynx (voice box) and into your trachea (windpipe). Trachea splits into bronchi and bronchioles, then alveoli where diffusion occurs.
Explain what Progressive Overload is and how to apply it to a training program.
Training programs need to remain challenging for athletes. P.O. is gradually increasing the challeng as fitness increases. This can be through 10% increase per fortnight, in intensity, duration or load.
Listening to upbeat music, giving a 'rev' up speech, bumping shoulders, doing a team chant.
What are ways to raise arousal levels?
Using a sport of your choice, explain how 'Summation of Forces' works.
Summation of forces is the sequential adding of smaller forces that produces one maximal movement. Eg. in rowing, an athlete pushes with their legs, rocks their body backward, and pulls their arms in, to produce one maximal 'stroke' of an oar.
Outline the anatomical movement, muscles, bones, and joints involved during a push up.
at the shoulder: ball and socket, external rotation, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, tricep, humerus, collarbone
at the elbow: hinge, humerus, ulna/radius, extensors, tricep/bicep, flexion/extension
at the wrist: flexion/extension, condyloid, carpals, ulna/radius, wrist flexors/extensors.
Outline the flow of blood through the body.
From the lungs, oxygenated blood travels to the heart via the Pulmonary Veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta to body, returns deoxygenated through vena cava to right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs.
Explain how you would apply a work:rest ratio to a Basketball training session.
Basketball is mostly anaerobic, but has little full recovery. 1:3 work:rest ratio would help develop the anaerobic threshold while maintaining high intensity in the activity. In a session, this would look like sprinting for 30 seconds and actively recovering for 1.30m.
Describe a benefit of creating a team goal?
Individuals focus attention, athletes persevere more consistently, positive psychological benefits.