Vasodilation allows oxygen, glucose and this other molecule to be delivered to muscle cells.
What are fatty acids?
100
In 1951, Dr. Brian McArdle published a paper describing a patient with a deficiency in the muscle isoform of this enzyme.
What is glycogen phosphorylase?
100
Exercised muscle can lower serum glucose by translocation of this to the surface of muscles cells thereby benefiting T2DM patients.
What is GLUT4?
100
This is the main fuel source utilized when running a marathon.
What is triacylglycerol? What are fatty acids?
200
Creatine phosphate is more abundant in this muscle fiber type.
What is Type II?
200
“Carb loading” (as first done by Ron Hill, the 1969 European Championship Marathon winner) first requires this prior to ingestion of high carbohydrate meals.
What is muscle glycogen depletion?
200
This trait is pathognomonic for McArdle disease.
What is the second wind?
200
TRUE or FALSE. Preservation of bone mass a benefit of weight or resistance exercise.
What is TRUE?
200
This is the main fuel source utilized when running a 100 m sprint.
What is glycogen?
300
This muscle fiber has the lowest density of mitochondria.
What is Type II?
300
Despite excess of FAs in circulation and full ability to produce ATP from beta-oxidation, 2/5 of marathon runners experience “hitting the wall” due to depletion of this.
What is carbohydrates? What is muscle glycogen?
300
There are no current treatment options for McArdle disease. But, if you suffer from this disease, you should do this before exercising.
What is glucose intake?
300
TRUE or FALSE. Exercise will induce hyperplasia of Type II muscle fibers.
What is FALSE?
300
Adenylate kinase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from two molecules of this.
What is ADP?
400
Exercise induced hypertrophy can occur with this muscle fiber.
What is Type II?
400
Increased exercise will increase AMP and AMPK which in turn will increase vasodilation due to increased levels of these two molecules.
What are adenosine and NO?
400
The IFT test for McArdle disease will show no increase in this compound in serum due to absence of anaerobic glycolysis.
What is lactate?
400
Increased capillary network density, myoglobin content, cardiac output, mitochondria, LPL, FA transport and uptake are benefits of this type of exercise training.
What is endurance training?
400
ATP levels decrease during exercise by only ~20% due to constant resynthesis. However, levels of this nucleotide increase by ~300%.
What is AMP?
500
Chicken breast is mostly this type of muscle fiber.
What is Type II?
500
TRUE or FALSE. Running endurance can be increased in mice treated with an AMP analog.
What is TRUE?
500
The presence of this compound in serum will increase because of the increased activity of Adenylate Kinase in McArdle patients.
What is ammonia? What is AMP?
500
(FYI) A Finnish study found that obese individuals who exercised had a HIGHER or LOWER mortality rate than lean individuals who did not exercise.
What is LOWER?
500
TRUE or FALSE. Lactate itself directly stimulates free nerve endings in the muscle, giving rise to the characteristic painful sensations that accompany high-intensity exercise.