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What is the most common cause for disease/ issue in reptiles and turtles?
Husbandry issues
What is something you can do daily to bond with a primate?
A bottle of infant baby formula (low iron)
Based on dental issues, where are guinea pigs known to develop tooth spurs? What are chinchillas known to develop?
GP: lingual side - tongue entrapment
Chinchillas: apical elongation (teeth grow the wrong direction)
What side of a rabbit's tooth are they more likely to develop tooth spurs?
buccal (cheek side)
What are the roles of the head (cranial) and tail (caudal) kidneys?
Cd: Filtration and osmoregulation
What is the name of their type of hibernation?
Brumation
What are some common reproductive diseases in chickens?
Cloacal prolapse, salpingitis, egg binding, egg yolk peritonitis, oviduct/ ovarian adenocarcinoma
What species of new world camelids is the smallest and has the finest fibre?
Vicuna
What vitamin deficiency is most common in insectivores & semi-aquatic turtles?
Vitamin A deficiency
What is something as humans that we do that is unintentionally perceived as aggression by primates?
Eye contact
What Species are induced ovulators?
Rabbits, Ferrets, African hedgehogs
(cats and camelids!)
What vertebrae is likely to break in a rabbit due to improper handling and their strong hindlegs?
(what other bone was also noted to break?)
L7 (and the Tibia!)
What bacterial disease is known as the "fish handler's disease"?
Mycobacterium marinum (Fish tuberculosis)
How many chambers do they have in their heart?
3
What is the most pathogenic causative agent of Mycoplasmosis in Turkeys and chickens? What is another causative agent in turkeys?
M. gallisepticum
(M. meleagridis)
Why should you neuter a hand-raised llama before 2 months of age?
Berserk Llama Syndrome
What parameters do you have to look at for BCS scoring of a turtle, lizard/ gecko, or snake?
(3 parts)
Turtles: Head, limbs, SQ fat
Lizard/gecko: limbs, pelvis, tail and neck
Snake: spine, epaxial m., ribs, neck
You are a veterinarian working at a zoo. You are tasked with performing physical exams on the resident macaques. What vaccine must you be up to date on to ensure that you do not develop fatal enchephalitis if bitten?
Herpes B virus
What species is known to develop diabetes, so they can not have any sugar in their diets?
Why is stress/ change in environment/ or an anesthetic procedures more dangerous for rabbits? What physiological process occurs or does not occur that can be potentially be life threatening?
Gastrointestinal Syndrome (GIS) (GI Stasis)
What causes "overwintering disease" in carp?
Chilodonella spp.
What causes granulomatous lesions in the African Clawed Frog?
Mycobacteriosis
You are called out to a raptor center to look over some patients that have white/yellow plaques in their mouth that are declining. One raptor had died prior to you arriving. You perform an autopsy and find the plaques extend into the crop of the deceased bird. What is your primary differential diagnosis before diagnostics?
Toxoplasmosis- likely acquired from the prey the raptor center is feeding
What should you vaccinate all new world camelids for?
Clostridial Vx
What contributes to the development of metabolic bone disease? (Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism)
Low Ca, poor Ca:P ratio, no UVB, vitamin D deficiency
What virus is very common among marmosets and tamarins?
HSV-1
What gland do rats have that produce red tears?
Harderian glands (porphyrin)
A rabbit comes in today with a tooth spur and urine scald. Upon examination you notice "blue fur" under the chin. What is your top differential diagnosis of the blue fur?
Moist dermatitis
What are the 4 chambers associated with the teleost heart?
Sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus
An owner brings in their new frog. They have developed erythema, erosion, and even some areas of necrosis on the hind legs that are sloughing off. What is the name of the disease caused by this opportunistic pathogen?
"Red Leg Syndrome"
An owner brings in their 2-week-old budgie because they noticed its crop has gotten larger/ feels "full" and seems to have speckled bruising all over its body. Upon examination you notice the "bruising" is cutaneous hemorrhage and the feathers appear to be dystrophic. What would be your primary differential diagnosis before diagnostics are run?
Avian Polyomavirus (APV) “Budgerigar fledgling disease”
- the species and age make it highly suspicious
What side of the neck is it advised to avoid due to possible hematoma formation and occlusion of the esophagus?
The Left Side
What reptiles are predisposed/ can develop periodontal disease? How is it graded? What type of teeth do they have?
- Acrodont, bearded dragons and chameleons, Grade 0-4 (Gingival erythema, tartar, and gingival recession, osteomyelitis of jaw bone)
What virus is known as "German measles" causing a rash and has a teratogenic risk?
Where/ what are the most common tumors located in rats?
Zymbal tumor (at the base of the ear) - carcinoma
Fibroadenomas- mammary glands
What should *NOT* be included in the treatment regimen of a rabbit's ear with an infestation of Psoroptes cuniculi?
Cleaning the ears (very painful)
What clinical sign is associated with the most common freshwater ciliate infection? (and what is the disease?)
White spots on the gills and skin
(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, "Ich", "White spot disease")
What reportable disease is characterized by damage to the superficial layer of the skin causing issues with respiration, osmoregulation, thermoregulation and immune function?
Chytridiomycosis (fungus)
A client brings in their cockatoo for bilateral loss of plumage and beak/nail abnormalities. While gathering more history, the owner tells you that they had brought home a new lorikeet a few months prior. What is your primary differential diagnosis?
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)
A new alpaca breeder lives in a low light area that is more rainy than it is sunny. What disease do you want to inform the breeder about that they can be predisposed to? And What should they supplement their diet with?
Rickets/ Vit. D deficiency
Supplement with vit. D