Cognition 101
Planning, creating, interacting with others, imagery, language, processing thoughts, sensations, and emotions on a daily basis are all examples of what abilities?
Cognitive Abilities (or simply, cognition)
Who emphasized the importance of introspection (analysis of our own sensations)?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is the portion of our cerebral cortex that processes visual stimuli?
Hint: it is located in our occipital lobe.
Primary Visual Cortex
What is the name of the branch of computer science that explores human cognitive processes by creating computer models that show "intelligent behavior."
Artificial Intelligence (A.I.)
Who is known to be the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
What year was coined the year of the Cognitive Revolution?
1956 (or, mid 50s)
Who emphasized the importance of empirical and scientific evidence; often referred to as the first cognitive psychologist?
Aristotle
Which stimulus is the actual object that is in your environment?
Example: the pencil on your desk, the keyboard on your laptop.
Distal Stimulus
This approach argues that cognitive process can be understood in terms of networks that link together neuron-like processing units. Human cognition is parallel, not linear (or, serial).
Connectionist Approach AKA Parallels Distributed Processing (PDP) Approach
Example: even when we are writing a word in different fonts, we can recognize the various letters and shapes.
Template Approach
What is the theoretical approach in psychology that emphasized our though process and knowledge
Cognitive Psychology
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Which stimulus is the information registered on your sensory receptors?
Example: the doodle your pencil creates, the words your keyboard makes
Proximal Stimulus
What type of AI designs a program to accomplish task in the most efficient way possible; it completely eliminates human error.
Pure Artificial Intelligence
Gestalt Psychology
An interdisciplinary field that attempts to answer questions about the mind is referred to as ______.
examples of this science: neuroscience, artificial intelligence, philosophy
Cognitive Science
Who was the first to report recency effect? They also emphasized studying mental processes and they were the first female president of APA.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Sometimes we see edges on a figure even though they are not physically present. This is called:
Illusory (Subjective) Contours
Which processing style is the classic approach to AI when viewing cognitive processes as a series of separate operations? Think of this processing style as a flow chart.
hint: opposite of parallel processing, which has two or more items at a time.
Serial Processing
Which scan uses the injection of a low dose of radioactive chemical and then tracks the flow of the chemical to activated areas of the brain?
Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
What type of neuroscience combines research techniques of cognitive psychology with carious methods for assessing the structure and function of the brain?
Cognitive Neuroscience
Two important behaviorists that emphasized importance of operational definition (i.e., procedures, actions, and process; NOT mental images, thoughts, or ideas)
John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner
What is the name of the relationship that represents the figure and the ground, where the shape (typically black and white) can be looked at in different ways?
Examples: Is the image a guy playing a saxophone, or a woman's face? Is the image a vase or two faces? Is the image a young girls face or an old woman's face?
Ambiguous Figure-Grounds Relationships
Which type of processing has two or more items handled at the same time?
hint: opposite of serial processing, which has only one item at a time.
Parallel Processing
Which scan is a bit more precise than a PET scan, and measures oxygen levels in the blood to track brain activity?
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)