What European and Asian grains did Europeans plant in the Americas?
100
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
who invented the microscope?
100
North, south, and west, reaching Spain and northern Europe in the 1400s.
Where did the Renaissance spread?
100
European thinkers began to break with old scientific ideas. They increasingly understood that advances in science could come only through mathematics and experimentation.
What happened during the 1500s?
100
Europe traded with the world, a global exchange of people, goods, technology, ideas, and even diseases began.
What is Columbian Exchange?
200
The continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa in one hemisphere and the Americas in the other.
What two parts of the world did the voyages of Columbus and other explorers bring together that previously had no contact?
200
not to steal, murder, or tell lies about others. They also told people to avoid jealousy and to honor their parents.
what did the tenth commandments tell people to do?
200
They worked hard, behaved well, and obeyed the laws of their towns.
What did Calvin's followers do to prove they were saved?
200
Many educated Europeans came to believe that reason was a much better guide than faith or tradition. To them, reason was a light that revealed error and showed the way to truth.
What happened as the Scientific Revolution advanced?
200
A Spanish priest who suggested replacing Native Americans with enslaved Africans.
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas?
300
Germs that Native Americans had not previously been exposed to, smallpox, measles, and malaria. This swept across the Americas, killing millions of people.
What bad things were exchanged between Europe and America?
300
North Africa, the Middle east and Central Asia.
where did the religion of Islam begin to spread?
300
They persecuted the Puritans. They shut down Puritan churches and jailed Puritan leaders.
What did James I and Charles I do to the puritans?
300
France
Where was the major center of the Enlightenment?
300
An agreement between Jews and their god.
What is a covenant?
400
They enslaved millions of Africans and moved them to the Americas.
Who did the Europeans enslave to plant and harvest the sugarcane?
400
in the study of mathematics. medicine, and they introduced the system of Arabic numerals that they use today.
what advances did Muslims make?
400
In the American states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.
Where did the Puritans found colonies?
400
He blamed Catholic Church leaders for keeping knowledge from people in order to maintain the Church's power. Voltaire also opposed the government supporting one religion while forbidding others. He thought people should be free to choose their own beliefs.
What did Voltaire think about the Catholic Church?
400
A new way of thinking; or the study of religion and god.
What is Theology?
500
The voyage to America usually began with a march to a European fort on the West African coast. Tied together with ropes around their necks and hands, they were traded to Europeans, branded, and forced to board a ship.
What was the process of bringing enslaved Africans to the Americas?
500
many modern European languages, including Italian, French, and Spanish.
what languages did Latin become the basis of?
500
To hold absolute, or total power. They claimed to rule by divine right, or by the will of God. This meant that rulers did not answer to their people but to God alone.
What did the system known as absolutism allow monarchs to do?
500
The philosophers wanted to use reason to change society. They attacked superstition, or unreasoned beliefs. They also disagreed with Church leaders who opposed new scientific discoveries. The philosophers believed in the individual's right to liberty. They used their skills as writers to spread their ideas across Europe.
What did philosophers do in the Age of Enlightenment?
500
A German monk who criticized the authority of the pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, and many Catholic teachings and practices.