General Definitions
X : E.N. Difference of < 0.5
Y : E.N. Difference of 0.5 - 2.0
Z : E.N. Difference of > 2.0
What are?:
X: Non Polar Covalent bonds
Y: Polar Covalent bonds
Z: Ionic bonds
Difference in electronegativity of a molecule's components
What is Polarity?
Pay attention to net dipoles in the molecule
Proper disposal of waste based on solvent type
What is segregation/separation of aqueous + organic solvents?
Beaker 1= aqueous waste
Beaker 2= organic waste
Interactions between H-atom & highly E.N. atoms (F, N, O)
What is Hydrogen Bonding?
Ability of a solute to be dissolved in a solvent
What is Solubility?
Soluble > Slightly Soluble > Insoluble
Laboratory ventilation device for pungent/volative solutions
What is a fume hood?
NO ORGANIC SOLVENTS LEAVE THE FUME HOOD
Complete dissociation of ions allow for conduction of electricity throughout a given solution
What are Electrolytes?
Strong = dissociate completely (strong acids/bases)
Weak = dissociate slightly (weak acids/bases)
Non electrolyte = no dissociation
Ability of two solvents to mix to form a homogenous mixture, no separation
What is Miscibility?
Miscible - Acetic acid (vinegar) + water
Immiscible - Oil and water
Energy released when IONIC components are brought together to form an ionic solid
What is Lattice Energy?
Process where a solute dissolves in a solvent
What is Dissolution?
Dissolution of ionic solid:
Solvation Energy > Lattice Energy (breaking of bonds)