Types of Designs
There is a random assignment of subjects to different interventions or to an intervention and a control condition.
Randomized Experimental
Uncontrolled or unplanned events that occur during the study.
Extraneous Events
Taking a pretest or responding to an initial questionnaire may affect the subject
Pretesting (Testing)
When employing the rule “less is more”, eliminating repetition across sections and writing in the active voice; what part of manuscript organization are you working on?
Length
Word choice, Colloquial expressions, Jargon, Pronouns, Comparisons, and Attribution are all used to ensure
Precision and Clarity
An experiment in which there is no random assignment of subjects.
Quasi-experimental
Inherent differences among comparison groups that influence results
Selection
Groups of Subjects who score very high or very low on a pretest will become of measurement error, score closer to the mean on the posttest
Statistical regression
How many Levels of Heading are there?
Five
Writing from an outline, putting aside the first draft, then rereading it later, and asking a colleague to review and critique the draft for you are all
Strategies to Improve Writing Style
This type of experiment there is no random assignment and in some cases no pretest or comparison group.
Pre-experimental
Natural changes in subject because they get older, stronger tired, etc
Maturation
Changes in subjects because they learn about what is occurring with subject in another group.
Diffusion of Treatment
Using punctuation marks to show relationships between ideas, use of transitional words; and use of words, concepts, and thematic development from the opening statement to the conclusion are all ways to display
Continuity
Describing at the Appropriate Level of Specificity, Being Sensitive to Labels, and Acknowledging Participation are all general guidelines for
Reducing Bias
Systematic loss of subject during the study
Subject Attrition
Unreliability or changes in instruments or observers may affect the result
Instrumentation
Using verb tenses consistently helps to ensure
Smooth Expression
This part of grammar usage is vigorous and a direct communicator. It should be used in the active voice and tense and mood should be selected carefully
Verb
Results that are affected by what the experimenter says or does deliberately or unintentionally
Experimenter Effects
The way the treatment is implemented is not the same each time. It is important to monitor each intervention.
Treatment Fidelity
Wordiness, redundancy, and unit length can all hinder which portion of a manuscript?
Economy of Expression
Which two entities introduce an element that is subordinate to the main clause of a sentence and reflect the relationship of the subordinate element to the main clause?
Relative Pronouns & Subordinate Conjunctions