Bias Thinking
What is the definition of bias?
Bias = prejudice or pre-judgement
What is the definition of "Scientific Method" ?
The process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.
What is another way to describe "a method of testing"
Experimental Design
What is a hypothesis?
Idea that can be tested
A testable question
What are the 2 main things when it comes to ethics in experiments?
1. Informed consent
2. Debriefing
What is the definition of Hindsight Bias?
Hindsight Bias makes us think we knew something all along, but we probably did not.
Which step comes first?
(a) Analyzing the results
(b) Forming an hypothesis
(c) Making an observation
(c) Making an observation
What is 1 limitation on Observational Study?
I.- Lack of scientific control
II. - Ethical Concerns
III. - Potential bias from observers and subjects.
What is the experimental group?
The group where the factor being tested is given
What is one reason animal research is highly debated?
What is the definition of Overconfidence Bias?
The tendency to overestimate our abilities
How many steps are there in the Scientific Method?
5 steps
What can case studies provide?
-Insight into unusual conditions.
-Detailed examination of a particular case within a real-world context.
What is dependent variable?
What is being measured (in an experiment)
Why are scientists still obsessed with the curious case of Phineas Gage?
His brain injury provides insight into the unique phenomena of brain plasticity
What is an example of confirmation bias?
Not seeking out objective facts
Interpreting information to support your existing beliefs
Only remembering details that uphold your belief
Ignoring information that challenges your belief
What are the 5 steps of the Scientific Method?
1.Making an observation
2.Formulating a question
3.Forming a hypothesis
4.Conducting an experiment
5.Analyzing the results.
Identify the correct experiment design from the example,
Example: Collect data on two variables of interest, such as stress and academic performance, and see if there is a correlation between the two.
Correlational Study
What is a blind study?
Participants do not know if they are getting the real drug/treatment or not.
Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Conducted by Philip Zimbardo, 1972
What is the Dunning-Kruger Effect?
When a person's lack of knowledge and skills in a certain area cause them to overestimate their own competence.
Why is the scientific method the most objective way to studying behavior?
1.Experiments are conducted in laboratories under controlled conditions.
2.Experiments are specialized to observe behaviors as they occur in everyday life.
3.Psychologists regularly develop theories based on case studies.
Every experiments has..(3 things)
I. A hypothesis (a testable question)
II. Variables - any factor, trait, or condition that is measured or manipulated
III. A method of testing (experimental design)
What is the Placebo effect?
People think they should get better so they do.
What is the hypothesis of the Marshmallow Test?
Will a child choose to not eat a marshmallow if it meant they could have 2 marshmallows later?