Pandora's Box
Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
Cross-sectional: is a research method where data are collected at the same time from people in different age categories.
Longitudinal: the study of changes in individual or group behavior over an extended period of time by repeatedly monitoring the same subjects.
A synonym for an independent variable?
What is a factor?
Shawn wants to assess the linear relationship between two variables. What type of statistical analysis should he use?
A Pearson Correlation.
____ and _____ are the two broad categories of sampling methods.
Non-probability and Probability sampling
This characteristic is absent from quasi-experimental designs.
What is random assignment. Attempts to minimize threats to internal validity.
Sampling effects our ability to generalize our results from the sample to the population. This is also known as______ validity
External
Name and define two (2) types of probability sampling methods.
Simple random sampling- coin flip, or random number generator.
Systematic random sampling- Every nth person.
Stratified random sampling- sampling subgroups proportionately, then random sampling.
Cluster sampling- regional sampling (zip code, city, etc), then random sampling.
How does random assignment help in a between-subjects design?
Balances individual differences
What is the difference between within-subject designs and between-subject designs?
Different participants are assigned to each experimental condition
The same participants experience all the experimental conditions over time
Dr. Williamson wants to compare the means between three groups in her study. What kind of data analysis should she use?
One-Way ANOVA
In this type of sampling, the researcher uses participants to find other participants. 1.)What is it?
2.) What is a potential threat to validity with this sampling method?
Snowball sampling. Selection threat, because participants are likely to find people similar to themselves( i.e. friends and family)
Name three advantages of Factorial Designs:
Interaction Effects
Multiple factors
Ability to assess multiple main effects
Name and define 2 characteristics of a non-experimental design.
A design that produces groups of scores that can be compared for significant differences.
A nonexperimental design makes little or no attempt to minimize threats.
Annie is studying the relationship between dating and personality. She visits a local mall and asks shoppers to complete her questionnaire.
1.) What kind of sampling method is she using?
2.) What threat to validity does using this method pose?
Convenience Sampling and External Validity.
What are three concerns when constructing a survey? What three things should a survey researcher keep in mind when creating a survey?
Keep items simple and unambiguous, and ?avoid double negatives. ? Avoid double-barreled (compound) questions that require responses about ?two or more unrelated ideas. Use exhaustive response choices. Make questions interesting Ask important questions early on.
DAILY DOUBLE!!
A research study is conducted to determine treatments for anxiety symptoms. The study assigns participants to three groups. One group receives a placebo, group two meditates, and group three receives 75 mg of Xanax. What are the independent and dependent variables? What type of statistical analysis should be conducted?
Dependent variable- Anxiety symptoms
Independent variable- Medication/Treatment1/ Treatment 2 (Xanax, meditation, and placebo)
One-way ANOVA