Scientific Revolution
Foundations of Exploration
Voyages of Spain & Portugal
The Spanish & Dutch Empires
Explorers
100
This theory is "sun-centered". It revolutionized the way astronomers thought about the planets.
What is the Heliocentric Theory?
100
The "discovery" of this instrument revolutionized the way sailing and navigation occurred. It was now possible to sail beyond the sight of land because of this instrument.
What is the compass?
100
Known as "the Navigator", this leader set the priority in Portugal to finding gold for the country. He is largely responsible for starting the Age of Exploration.
Who is Prince Henry?
100
In 1602, this company was founded by the Dutch. It reflected their goal of as traders not missionaries.
What is the Dutch East India Company?
100
He was an Italian navigator who discovered the New World. He understood it was NOT Asia. A German mapmaker named the land America because he was so impressed.
Who is Amerigo Vespucci?
200
The science of changing metal into gold.
What is alchemy?
200
In what three areas did improvements lead to the Age of Exploration? (you must get all three)
What is mapmaking, navigation, and new ships?
200
Besides the quest for gold, these are the other goals for exploration in the 1400s. (name at least two)
What are routes to the West Indies, spread of Christian faith, the ivory trade, overseas trade routes from India?
200
The Dutch defeated the Spanish because of two reasons, name them.
What is guerrilla warfare and control of European sea commerce?
200
This Polish astronomer developed the Heliocentric Theory in 1543.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
300
This era brought about the Scientific Revolution by encouraging curiosity, investigation, discovery, and knowledge about the natural world.
What is the Renaissance?
300
This new economic theory states that governments should do all they can to increase the country's wealth. It believed that there was only a finite amount of wealth (gold and silver) in the world, so in order for a country to gain wealth it needed to take it for other country's.
What is mercantilism?
300
The massive exchange of products, plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
300
They were successful in establishing many colonies because they never tried to convert the natives to their religion, or force them to accept their language or laws.
Who were the Dutch?
300
She agreed to finance Columbus' expedition to find a shorter route to Asia.
Who is Queen Isabella of Spain?
400
Two scientists helped prove Copernicus' theory of a sun-centered galaxy. One used mathematic to prove his theory of planetary motion in 1609. The other used a telescope to study the heavens and was eventually excommunicated from the Catholic Church because of his discoveries. (you must get both names for the full points)
Who is Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei?
400
The standardization of coinage (the Ducat and the Florin) led to international trade and banking which caused this.
What is the Commercial Revolution?
400
In 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued an edict which drew an imaginary line from North to South in the Atlantic Ocean in order to settle conflicts of discovery between Spain and Portugal. This line was further moved west, which resulted in Spain controlling Central and South America except for Brazil. The line was moved by this treaty.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
400
This monarch treated the Dutch very harshly because of their Calvinist beliefs. The result of this was detrimental to Spain.
Who is Philip II?
400
He landed in modern day Florida and opened up southwestern United States and Mexico to settlement.
Who is Ponce de Leon?
500
Two scientists made major discoveries in anatomy. One scientist wrote the book On the Fabric of the Human Body in 1543. He was inspired by da Vinci to study the human body. The other studied the circulatory system and observed the workings of the heart. (you must get both correct for points)
Who are Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey?
500
Individuals would often merge together and form a company by purchasing shares in the company. The investors would share in any profits.
What is a joint-stock company?
500
The expansion of Portugal & Spain into the New World, and the growth of the Columbian Exchange, created a system known as this. The result of which was the devastation of the African continent.
What is triangular trade?
500
There are several reasons why the Spanish empire declined. Name at least 3.
What are growing population, food shortages in Spain, an overflow of gold and silver into Spain, loss of demand for Spanish goods, a middle class who chose military or religious life over commerce, the expulsion of Jews and Moriscos?
500
Hernan Cortes invaded Mexico and brought Spanish horses and guns, and smallpox, to destroy this once great civilization.
What is the Aztecs?
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