Exploration & New Ideas
This Italian explorer sailed for Spain in 1492 and crossed the Atlantic Ocean while searching for a route to Asia.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Meaning “rebirth,” this period brought renewed European interest in art, science, education, and classical learning.
What was the Renaissance?
Potatoes, horses, diseases, livestock, crops, and people crossed the Atlantic as part of this exchange between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Pilgrims established this colony in 1620 after crossing the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower.
What was Plymouth Colony?
This Protestant group wanted to “purify” the Church of England and established a major colony in Massachusetts.
Who were the Puritans?
This Portuguese prince sponsored voyages along the African coast and helped encourage European exploration.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
This religious movement challenged the Catholic Church and led to the growth of Protestant Christianity in Europe.
What was the Reformation?
DAILY DOUBLE
This massive Aztec capital was located where modern-day Mexico City stands today.
What was Tenochtitlan?
This leader helped Jamestown survive its difficult early years and insisted that colonists needed to work if they expected to eat.
Who was John Smith?
The Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement rejects formal clergy and rituals in favor of a direct, personal relationship with God.
Who were the Quakers?
This Spanish term was used to describe soldiers and explorers who conquered lands and Indigenous civilizations in the Americas.
What is a conquistador?
These religious wars increased contact between Europeans and the East and helped increase European demand for Asian goods.
What were the Crusades?
Spanish colonists used this system to demand labor or tribute from Indigenous peoples.
What was the encomienda system?
Beginning in 1630, thousands of Puritans settled in this New England colony, which included Boston.
What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
This Quaker founded Pennsylvania and envisioned the colony as a place where people could practice their religions more freely.
Who was William Penn?
This Spanish conquistador led the expedition that conquered the powerful Aztec Empire.
Who was Hernando Cortés?
A society organized into different levels based on wealth, power, status, or authority can be described using this term.
What is a hierarchy?
Under this business arrangement, multiple investors pooled their money to finance expensive ventures while sharing the risks and potential profits.
What is a joint-stock company?
Many poor Europeans came to the colonies under this arrangement, agreeing to work for several years in exchange for their passage across the Atlantic.
What was an indentured servant?
This 1630s conflict between New England colonists and the Pequot resulted in the deaths and enslavement of many Pequot people and expanded English control.
What was the Pequot War?
This 1494 agreement created a dividing line that gave Spain and Portugal claims to different areas of newly explored lands.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
European nations practiced this process when they established settlements in foreign lands and claimed political and economic control over them.
What is colonization?
Virginia encouraged immigration through this system, which awarded land to people who paid for their own or another person's passage to the colony.
What was the headright system?
This Puritan governor envisioned his New England community as a model Christian society, famously describing it as a “city upon a hill.”
Who was John Winthrop?
Metacom led Indigenous resistance against New England colonists during this devastating 1675–1676 conflict. The English referred to Metacom as “King Philip.”
What was King Philip's War/ Metacom's Rebellion/ The First Indian War?