Hay/Hay que
One must listen.
Hay que escuchar.
I have to study a lot.
Yo tengo que estudiar mucho.
I should do the homework.
Yo debo hacer la tarea.
I need to exercise.
Necesito hacer ejercicio.
'Hay que' means...
it is necessary to...
I took a shower last night.
Yo me duché anoche.
It is necessary to have breakfast every morning.
Hay que desayunar todas las mañanas.
I have to send an email in the morning.
Tengo que enviar un correo electrónico en la mañana.
I should eat more fruits and avoid sugar.
Yo debo comer más frutas y evitar el azúcar.
You need to shower more.
Necesitas bañarte más.
Which verb of obligation has no specific subject and give an example.
-hay que-. Hay que seguir las reglas en la escuela.
I used to have a computer but now I have a tablet.
Yo tenía una computadora pero ahora tengo una tableta.
How many students are there?
I have to wake up early to make breakfast.
Me tengo que despertar temprano para hacer el desayuno.
We all should have a balanced diet.
Todos debemos tener una dieta balanceada.
We need healthy food at school.
Nosotros necesitamos comida saludable en la escuela.
What makes a verb reflexive? Explain in one sentence.
The action goes back to the person/ the action is done to oneself, etc.
I bought a book and I read it every day.
Yo compré un libro y lo leo todos los días.
It is necessary to speak Spanish while we are in Spanish class.
Hay que hablar español mientras estamos en la clase de español.
I have to find a hobby, but I don't have time.
Tengo que encontrar un hobby/pasatiempo pero no tengo tiempo.
You should exercise every day to be healthy.
I need to study for my test because I want a good grade.
Necesito estudiar para mi exámen porque necesito una buena nota.
What is the difference in meaning between deber and tener que?
Deber = duty / recommendation; tener que = a strong necessity or requirement
When I was a kid, I used to eat a lot of sugar.
Cuando era niña/niño, yo comía mucha azúcar.
One must meditate to sleep better every night.
Hay que meditar para dormir mejor todas las noches.
In my school, we have to follow the rules to be safe (seguros).
En mi escuela, tenemos que seguir las reglas para estar seguros.
You all should avoid technology at night.
ustedes deben evitar la tecnología en la noche
My brother needs to eat more vegetables to be strong and healthy.
Mi hermano necesita comer más vegetales para estar fuerte y saludable.
In your own words: How do you know if a past‑tense sentence needs preterite or imperfect?
Use preterite for completed actions; use imperfect for ongoing, repeated, or descriptive past actions.
Translate: I gave my teacher an apple two weeks ago.
Le di una manzana a mi profesora hace dos semanas.