Lymphatic/Immunity 1
Immune surveillance is primarily done by which cells?
NK cells
Fever would fall into which class of immunity?
Innate
Respiratory minute volume is a function of which two variables
Tidal volume x respiratory rate
Primary oxygen carrying molecules found in RBCs
Hemoglobin
What are the three portions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Define immunity and list the two main types:
The ability to fight infection, illness, and disease.
Innate and acquired/adaptive immunity.
Cells that engulf and destroy foreign substance, pathogens, and cellular debris
Serous membrane sacs surrounding the lungs
Pleurae
Low oxygen content in blood
Hypoxia
Why must we produce HCl indirectly within parietal cells of the stomach?
Internal HCl production would melt the cells and destroy them
This organ contains the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
Spleen
Circulating fever-inducing proteins
Some air never reaches the alveoli and remains in conducting portion of the respiratory tract. What is this space called?
Anatomic dead space
~150mL
Describe why someone might want to dope with the use of EPO
Increase RBCs, increase hemoglobin, increase the oxygen carrying capacity of blood and make endurance exercise easier
What do chief cells secrete?
Pepsinogen
Major organ related to the production and development of T cells
Thymus
Describe how vaccines relate to our immune system. Which class of immune function do they stimulate?
Vaccines expose us to a weakened version of a pathogen. Antibodies are produced so that the body can recognize the pathogen and respond effectively when it is encountered next. Adaptive/acquired immunity.
Describe Boyle's law as it relates to pulmonary ventilation
Inverse relationship between pressure and volume. Volume of the thoracic cavity is changed in order to drive movement of air into and out of lungs.
Define internal and external respiration
Internal respiration is the diffusion of dissolved gases between the circulatory system and working tissues. External respiration is the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.
What are the four regions of the large intestine?
Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon
Small proteins released by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and virus-infected tissues
Interferons
What are the four properties of adaptive immunity?
Specificity, versatility, memory, self-tolerance
What are the three major factors that alter the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
pH, temp, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Describe why carbon monoxide poisoning is so dangerous
CO functions similarly to O2 in the binding response to hemoglobin. Too much CO in the blood stream stops O2 from binding and we slowly lose O2 delivery to working tissues.
Villi contain lymphatic capillaries that transport materials incapable of entering blood capillaries. What are these capillaries called and what is one primary thing they transport?
Lacteals. Chylomicrons