Energy Expenditure
During prolonged endurance exercise, the body shifts from primarily using carbohydrates to relying on this macronutrient for energy.
Fats
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
What is believed to cause DOMS?
Microscopic damage to muscle fiber
What physiological marker indicates the shift from primarily aerobic to anaerobic metabolism?
Lactate Threshold
What structures in the lungs are the primary sites of gas exchange?
Alveoli
This is the minimum amount of energy required to sustain vital body functions at rest.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
This term describes the lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise.
Oxygen deficit
This condition is often caused by accumulation of fluid (edema) or H+.
Acute muscle soreness
What ion is released when lactic acid dissociates?
Hydrogen
What protein within red blood cells significantly enhances oxygen diffusion capacity?
Hemoglobin
This method is considered the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure by analyzing heat production.
Direct calorimetry
Oxygen deficit occurs when oxygen delivery and uptake cannot immediately meet the demands of this energy system.
Aerobic system
This theory proposes that processes occur in the brain that regulate power output by the muscles to maintain homeostasis and prevent unsafe levels of exertion
Central Governor Theory
What type of muscle fibers tend to produce more lactate?
Fast-twitch
What law governs the rate of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?
Fick's Law
This unit, equivalent to 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute, is used to quantify the intensity of physical activity.
Metabolic Equivalent (METs)
EPOC helps clear what metabolic byproduct?
What condition is countered by bicarbonate's buffering capacity?
Acidosis
_________________ marks the point of increased lactate in blood
Lactate deflection point
What is the primary driving force behind pulmonary diffusion?
Partial Pressure Gradient
This ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed is used to determine the predominant fuel source during exercise.
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
During EPOC, oxygen consumption remains elevated to restore these energy systems.
ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) stores
What type of muscle contraction is most associated with DOMS?
Eccentric
__________________ is the workload associated with 4 mmol × L−1.
Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)
What effect does an increase in temperature have on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?
Rightward shift