Attention as a Limited Capacity Resource
This theory proposes that we have multiple sources of attention based on the specific information processing component (sensory input, response output, type of memory code).
What is the Multiple Resource Theory?
This type of memory can hold 7 +/- 2 items of capacity and lasts for 20-30 sec.
What is working memory?
This is a change in the capability to perform a skill that must be inferred from a relatively permanent improvement in performance as a result of practice or experience.
What is learning?
In this stage of Fitts and Posner's three stage model, the beginner focuses on solving cognitively-oriented problems.
What is the cognitive stage?
This is the general state of excitability of a person; can be physiological, emotional, and/or mental.
What is arousal?
This is the fixed gaze at a critical location 100ms prior to movement initiation.
This process describes transforming to-be-remembered information into a form that can be stored in memory.
What is encoding?
This type of test involves a practiced skill that a learner performs following an interval of time after practice has ceased in order to assess the permanence of the performance level achieved during practice.
What is a retention test?
This model proposes that learning occurs over three stages: cognitive, associative, and autonomous.
What is the Fitts and Posner Model?
This type of knowledge would enable a performer to actually perform a skill (ie, the "how to do").
What is procedural knowledge?
This suggests that the amount of attention capacity available for a specific performance situation is determined by the person's arousal level.
What is Kahneman's Attention Theory?
This type of knowledge would allow a performer to know what skill to do in a situation, but would not help them perform the skill.
What is declarative knowledge?
This type of performance curve shows slight improvement early but substantial improvement later on.
What is a positively accelerated curve?
This hypothesis states that learning is specific to the sources of sensory information available during practice.
What is the Practice Specificity Hypothesis?
This is an execution of a skill at a specific time and in a specific location. It is a temporary observable behavior that may be influenced by various performance variables.
What is performance?
This process picks up information that influences our action selection, constraint of the selected action, and timing of the action initiation.
What is visual search?
This cause of forgetting is a result of activity after the movement-to-be-remembered that negatively affects the performance.
What is retroactive interference?
This is a category of augmented feedback that provides information about the movement characteristic that led to the performance outcome.
What is knowledge of performance?
In Gentile's two stage model, open skills require this of the performer.
What is diversification of the movement pattern?
This cause of forgetting is attributed to the passage of time and can only be tested for working memory.
What is trace decay?
Kahneman's Attention Theory proposes these three rules that are used to allocate attention resources when performing multiple tasks.
What are (1) ensure completion of at least one task, (2) enduring dispositions for involuntary attention allocation, and (3) momentary intentions?
This principle states that the more the test context resembles the practice context, the better the retention performance.
What is the Encoding Specificity Principle?
This type of test assesses the adaptability of what was learned during practice and involves performing the practiced skill in a context or situation different from practice.
What is a transfer test?
In this stage of Gentile's two stage model, the learner adapts the movement pattern to the demands of any performance situation, increases consistency of the action goal achievement, and performs with an economy of effort.
What is the later stage?
In Gentile's two stage model of learning, closed skills require this of the performer.
What is fixation of the movement pattern?