VO2Max/LT
Define VO2Max and Lactate Threshold
VO2Max: Max O2 consumed and utilized
LT: Point at which lactate accumulation exceeds clearance
Which insulin dependent transporter facilitates glucose transport into the cell?
GLUT-4
True or false: all three energy systems work together to provide adequate ATP.
True
Name one hormone that increases during exercise
Cortisol, epi, norepi, glucagon, GH
Humans are approximately how efficient?
i.e. what percentage of chemical energy translates into muscular movement?
20-25%
What are the standard units for relative VO2 ?
ml/kg/min
mL of O2 consumed per kg of body weight per minute
Which enzyme converts pyruvate into lactate?
LDH
If the aerobic system cannot immediately meet O2 demand, other systems work to make up the difference. What is this concept referred to as?
Oxygen deficit
Which hormone is decreased during exercise?
Insulin
Are eccentric or concentric contractions more efficient?
Eccentric
Would you expect a higher max VO2 on a treadmill or a bike? Why? Who might be the exception?
Treadmill. More muscle mass. Trained cyclist might be better on a bike. Training adaptations and specificity.
Release of PFK, the rate limiter of glycolysis is stimulated by low energy signals. What is one example of a low energy signaller in the body?
High levels of ADP, low pH (acidity), by proxy high H+ ions
Define EPOC
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Increased (from baseline) O2 consumption following exercise
Is cortisol anabolic or catabolic?
Catabolic
Two athletes with a VO2 Max of 70 are running on a treadmill at 9 mph: athlete A has a VO2 of 50 and athlete B has a VO2 of 57.
Which athlete is more economical?
Athlete A
What mmol/L value of lactate is generally considered OBLA? Onset of blood lactate accumulation.
4 mmol/L
What is the main driver of deciding whether pyruvate goes into the mitochondria or is converted into lactate?
Exercise intensity. How quickly does the body need ATP?
There are "fast" and "slow" components of EPOC. Name one element from each component.
i.e. body temp reduction is one slow component
Fast: PCr resynthesis, restoration of blood and muscle O2 concentrations
Slow:
- body temp,
- Bring HR and RR back down
Breakdown and removal of hormones
Lactate converted back into glucose Cori cycle takes energy and O2 is required
If insulin is anabolic, how should we increase insulin secretion post-exercise?
Consuming CHO heavy food immediately post exercise
Higher concentrations of which muscle fiber type are correlated with higher movement economy?
Type I muscle fibers
Which animal has the highest recorded VO2 Max
Hummingbirds: values from 600-1000 ml/kg/min
Which enzyme turns phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate?
Pyruvate kinase
What is the relationship between EPOC and intensity/duration of exercise?
Increased exercise intensity/duration increases EPOC
What does RED-S stand for?
Relative energy deficiency in sport
1 L of O2 consumed is equivalent to approximately how many kcal "burned?"
1 L O2 = 5kcal