Ch. 10
This pair of macronutrients is typically prioritized first when planning an athlete's diet due to their key roles in energy production and muscle repair.
A. Fats and Carbohydrates
B. Carbohydrates and Proteins
C. Proteins and Fats
D. Vitamins and Minerals
B. Carbohydrates and Proteins
A minimum body weight calculation considers the lowest safe level of which of the following variables?
A. Basal Metabolic Rate
B. Current % Body Fat
C. Desired Lean Mass
D. Minimum % Body Fat
D. Minimum % Body Fat
What term is defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure, normalized to fat-free mass (FFM)?
A. Energy Balance
B. Resting Metabolic Rate
C. Total Daily Energy Expenditure
D. Energy Availability
D. Energy Availability
Atherosclerosis begins with the development of fatty streaks caused by the accumulation of which type of cholesterol?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. Total Cholesterol
B. LDL
These calories are considered "left over" after subtracting the calories needed for a healthy eating plan from your total energy needs.
A. Essential Calories
B. Empty Calories
C. Discretionary Calories
D. Supplementary Calories
C. Discretionary Calories
To calculate target body weight, use the formula: Target Body Weight = Current FFM ÷ (1 - _____). What fills in the blank?
A. Current % Body Fat
B. Basal Metabolic Rate
C. Desired % Body Fat
D. Fat-Free Mass
C. Desired % Body Fat
Which of the following includes all three major clinical eating disorders?
A. Orthorexia, Anorexia Nervosa, Night Eating Syndrome
B. Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder
C. Bulimia Nervosa, Pica, Avoidant Food Intake Disorder
D. Binge Eating Disorder, Rumination Disorder, Orthorexia
B. Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder
Consuming foods that contain which type of fatty acids is encouraged because they may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
A. Saturated Fatty Acids
B. Trans Fatty Acids
C. Omega-6 Fatty Acids
D. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
D. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
A low-carbohydrate diet is typically defined as a carbohydrate intake of how many grams per kilogram of body weight per day?
A. 1 g/kg
B. 2 g/kg
C. 3 g/kg
D. 5 g/kg
C. 3 g/kg
***Double Points***
To support muscle hypertrophy, approximately how many additional grams of protein should be consumed daily?
A. 10 g
B. 14 g
C. 20 g
D. 25 g
B. 14 g
What is the proposed extension of the Female Athlete Triad that places low energy availability at the center, includes both male and female athletes, and highlights its effects on multiple physiological systems?
A. LEA Syndrome
B. RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport)
C. Exercise-Induced Amenorrhea
D. Energy Balance Syndrome
B. RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport)
Which hormone, produced by fat cells, helps suppress appetite and decrease food intake?
A. Ghrelin
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Leptin
D. Leptin
To maintain health and performance, athletes are advised to consume no less than how many kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per day?
A. 20 kcal/kg
B. 25 kcal/kg
C. 30 kcal/kg
D. 35 kcal/kg
C. 30 kcal/kg
Which group of athletes is likely to experience only small gains in muscle mass over time?
A. Untrained Athletes
B. Trained Athletes
C. Youth Athletes
D. Collegiate Athletes
B. Trained Athletes
***Double Points***
What is a major difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
A. Age of onset
B. Type of food consumed
C. Body weight
D. Exercise habits
C. Body weight
Which hormone, synthesized by cells in the stomach, is known to initiate food intake and stimulate appetite?
A. Leptin
B. Ghrelin
C. Insulin
D. CCK (Cholecystokinin)
B. Ghrelin
***Double Points***
Which of the following foods is NOT typically excluded from the Paleolithic (Paleo) diet?
A. Grains
B. Dairy
C. Beans and Legumes
D. Lean Meats
D. Lean Meats
For underweight athletes aiming to increase both muscle mass and body fat, how many additional kilocalories should be consumed daily?
A. 250 kcal
B. 400 kcal
C. 500 kcal
D. 700 kcal
C. 500 kcal
If energy availability is low in female athletes—due to calorie restriction and high energy expenditure—amenorrhea may result, increasing the risk of what condition?
A. Anemia
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Osteoporosis
D. Sarcopenia
C. Osteoporosis
*** Double Points***
Recent studies suggest that gut microorganisms may directly contribute to obesity. Which group of bacteria is thought to promote obesity?
A. Bacteroidetes
B. Lactobacillus
C. Firmicutes
D. Escherichia
C. Firmicutes