Frick
Which concept from developmental psychopathology explains how multiple developmental pathways can lead to the same disorder?
Equifinality
Nigg argues that ADHD should be conceptualized primarily as a disorder of:
Self-regulation
According to Bunford et al. (2015), emotion dysregulation in ADHD involves difficulty regulating which three aspects of emotion?
Escalation, intensity, and recovery of emotions
The primary goal of Perlstein et al. (2024) was to determine whether neural correlates of externalizing psychopathology are:
Shared across disorders or disorder-specific
Across the theoretical models proposed in the articles, which emotional construct appears most central to externalizing psychopathology?
Emotional regulation
CU traits emerge when this developmental process fails to develop properly
Conscience development
Nigg proposes ADHD may function as a gateway phenotype, meaning that ADHD:
Increases risk for later externalizing and internalizing disorders
Which method discussed by Bunford et al. allows researchers to observe emotion regulation behavior during controlled lab tasks?
Behavioral observation tasks
The main conclusion of Perlstein’s study is that externalizing psychopathology reflects:
Both shared and disorder-specific neural correlates
Which conceptual framework best explains how temperament, cognition, parenting, and neurobiology interact across development to produce psychopathology?
Developmental psychopathology framework
Youth with CU traits differ from other youth with conduct problems primarily because they show
Dominance- and goal-oriented aggression combined with reduced responsiveness to others’ distress
Person-centered analyses described by Nigg identify several temperament profiles within ADHD. Which profile is associated with the worst developmental outcomes?
Irritable profile
Bunford et al. argue that emotion dysregulation in ADHD may help explain which major clinical problem(s) often not improved by treatments targeting core ADHD symptoms?
Social dysfunction and risky behavior
Which brain region in response to fearful faces was associated with general externalizing problems across CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits?
Amygdala
According to the DSM-5, ADHD is classified into which three presentations?
Inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined
Which parenting factor is most strongly associated with high CU traits?
Low parental warmth
According to Nigg, which ADHD presentation is especially heterogeneous, containing individuals with different developmental mechanisms and outcomes?
ADHD-I
Which physiological pattern is most often associated with emotion dysregulation in ADHD?
Excess sympathetic activation with poor parasympathetic regulation
True or False: In a bifactor model, the general factor captures variance shared across all symptoms, while specific factors capture variance unique to individual symptom domains.
True
According to Frick, what three principles guide the developmental psychopathology framework for understanding conduct problems?
1. Developmental mechanisms explain emergence
2. equifinality
3. developmental change-symptoms change w time
In Kochanska’s model, children with fearless temperament show weaker conscience development primarily because they experience less
Negative arousal following wrongdoing (i.e., less deviation anxiety)
Neural gain refers to the brain’s ability to:
Amplify relevant signals while suppressing irrelevant background noise
Bunford et al. argue that traditional neuropsychological tasks often fail to detect emotion dysregulation in ADHD because these tasks primarily measure:
“Cold” cognitive control in emotionally neutral settings
In Perlstein et al. (2024), increased right nucleus accumbens activation to emotional faces among youth with higher ADHD symptoms most likely reflects differences in:
Reward sensitivity and motivational salience
In the DSM-5, which specifier was added to Conduct Disorder to identify youth with callous-unemotional traits?
With limited prosocial emotions