Food in Plants
What is the main pigment structure in plants that absorbs light for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
What are the male and female parts of a flower called?
Stamen and carpel
What hormone is responsible for phototropism in plants?
What type of cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis
Where in the cell is DNA found?
In the nucleus
What is the word equation for photosynthesis? (the balanced equation)
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the function of the ovary in a flower?
It contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization
What are the two types of transport tissues in plants?
Xylem and phloem
What is the purpose of mitosis? (min.2)
Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Who do plants store excess glucose as?
Starch
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction creates genetic variation
What is the function of phloem tissue?
It transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
Two identical daughter cells
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
A double helix
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if the temperature becomes too high?
The enzymes involved denature, slowing or stopping photosynthesis
How does the structure of wind-pollinated flowers differ from insect-pollinated flowers? (min.3)
Wind-pollinated flowers have long, exposed stamens and feathery stigmas, while insect-pollinated flowers have large, colorful petals and nectar
How do plants respond to gravity, and what is this response called? (Roots & shoots)
Roots grow downward, and shoots grow upward; this is called gravitropism or geotropism
Why is uncontrolled mitosis dangerous in the human body?
It leads to tumors and cancer, where cells divide uncontrollably, disrupting normal function.
What are the four bases in DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Explain how the structure of palisade mesophyll cells maximizes photosynthesis efficiency (min. 2 features)
They are tightly packed with many chloroplasts and located near the upper surface of the leaf to absorb maximum light
What are the three conditions needed for seed germination?
Water, oxygen, and a suitable temperature
How do guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing?
They change shape due to water pressure differences—swelling when turgid (open) and shrinking when flaccid (closed)
What is the key difference in the daughter cells produced by mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis creates genetically varied haploid gametes.
Why do identical twins have the same DNA but can look slightly different?
Environmental factors like diet, stress, and lifestyle influence gene expression (epigenetics).