CN
these three branches of CN VII innervate the lower face
Buccal branch
Mandibular branch
Cervical branch
these are the main two causes of PRIMARY Parkinsonism
idiopathic
genetics
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS
this disease is considered both bradykinetic and hyperkinetic
Wilson's disease
( deficiency of ceruloplasmin (carries Cu))
these three structures make up the Basal Ganglia
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
this is the landmark for the T4 dermatome
nipple
this portion of the brainstem contains nuclei of CN III, IV
midbrain
2/3 of patients with Parkinson's disease also suffer from this condition
depression
these extrapyramidal disorders have TOO MUCH movement (dopamine>>ACh)
these extrapyramidal disorders have TOO LITTLE movement (dopamine<<<ACh)
hyperkinetic
bradykinetic
these are the 4 main structures associated with the extrapyramidal system
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
thalamus
basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus)
umbillical
this portion of the brainstem contains the nuclei of CN V, VI, and VII
pons
these are the 4 cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Tremors
Bradykinesia
Rigidity
postural instability
these 2 extrapyramidal tracts don't decussate (ipsilateral innervation)
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal
this division of the extrapyramidal system is associated with modulation of reflex arcs
(upper or lower)
lower
this muscle is associated with the C7 dermatome
triceps
This portion of the brainstem contains the nuclei of CN IX, X, XI, XII
medulla
this condition is a contra-indication for DBS (deep brain stimulator)
Parkinson's-dementia
these two extrapyramidal tracts decussate (contralateral innervation)
rubrospinal
tectospinal
this division of the extrapyramidal system is associated with muscle memory and refined skills
(upper or lower)
upper
this is the definition of a dermatome
area of skin supplied by a single nerve root
in the lower extrapyramidal system,
these tracts : don't decussate (ipsilateral innervation)
these tracts : decussate (contralateral innervation)
Vestibulospinal tract and Reticulospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract and Tectospinal tract
***-ulo = unilateral innervation
this is the best indicator of whether DBS (deep brain stimulator) will work as a surgery option for Parkinson's disease
response to dopaminergic medications
these 9 extrapyramidal disorders are considered "Hyperkinetic"
hint: "ADHD, Too Much Talking + Can't Wait"
Athetosis
Dystonia
Hemiballismus
Dyskinesia
Tremors
Myoclonus
Tics
Chorea (huntington's)
Wilson's
the substantia nigra is divided into the _____ (dopaminergic activity) and the ______ (gabaminergic activity)
pars compacta
pars reticulata
"cape" symptoms (central cord lesion) are associated with these two dermatomes
C5-C6