Reticulospinal Tract
This tract originates in the pons and medulla within this structure.
reticular formation?
What does this tract primarily regulate
head control, balance, ANTIGRAVITY MUSCLES
What is the patients name of this case?
Vanessa
This tract originates in which structure?
superior colliculus
Define Spasticity
velocity dependent increase in the stretch of a muscle
This division of the reticulospinal tract primarily facilitates extensor tone.
pontine (medial) reticulospinal tract?
The lateral vestibulospinal tract strongly facilitates which type of muscle group?
What are extensors (antigravity muscles)?
This tract originates in which midbrain nucleus?
red nucleus
Unlike other extrapyramidal tracts, this tract has what level of influence on tone?
minimal influence
Spasticity results from damage to what type of motor neuron?
UMN
Name two major higher centers that send input to the reticular formation.
motor cortex, basal ganglia, or cerebellum
These inner ear structures provide major input to what nuclei?
the vestibular nuclei
The red nucleus receives major input from these two structures.
motor cortex and cerebellum
This tract responds primarily to which two types of stimuli?
visual and auditory stimuli
Loss of descending inhibition leads to increased activity of which motor neuron system that tightens muscle spindles? (more sensitive to muscle stretch)
gamma motor neurons DOUBLE POINTS
This tract plays a major role in regulating this type of movement.
involuntary movement (postural control/locomotion)
Which division of this tract primarily influences head and neck control?
medial vestibulospinal tract?
This tract primarily facilitates which muscle groups?
upper extremity flexors
This tract is primarily responsible for what type of movement?
reflexive head and neck orientation
Increased gamma activity leads to increased sensitivity of what sensory receptor?
muscle spindles
Loss of cortical inhibition causes overactivity of this tract, contributing to what clinical condition?
spasticity
Disinhibition of this tract contributes to which gait abnormality?
extensor bias or scissoring gait
Damage to corticospinal pathways may cause increased reliance on this tract, leading to what movement pattern? (what muscle pattern)
flexor synergy pattern
Lesions in this tract could result in diminished what response?
diminished head-turning reflex to visual or auditory stimuli
Complete this route UMN lesion = loss of inhibition = increase in gamma activity = increase Type 1a afferent firing = increase alpha motor neuron activation =__________.
SPASTICTY