early signs
What are some symptoms that a child may have vision problems?
excessive tearing, red or encrusted eyes, constant eye turning or misalignment, ptosis (droopy eyelid), extreme sensitivity to light, the appearance of a white pupil
How does impaired vision affect motor development?
delayed milestones, staying supine (avoiding prone), decreased postural control, impact on reflexes, compromised equilibrium, reduced should and arm strength due to poor proximal support
What evaluation should a child have before an OT evaluation?
Clinical low vision evaluation (by optometrist or opthamlolgist-info in field cuts, eye dominance, medical considerations)
AND
functional vision assessments (by VI teacher-gives info on routine tasks, determine how vision impairment is interfering with learning
Timonthy's OT has been using tactile exploration, discrimination, and scanning. This is an example of what kind of intervention approach for VI is this?
tactile learning
In what settings would an OT observation occur?
home, school, daycare, playground, community centers
What are the 4 most common vision disorders in children?
visual acuity disorders, eye infections, childhood blindness, visual processing disorders
What is the fine motor development that parallels low vision?
less stability in distal joints, reduced pronation and supination, decreased functional grasp & grip strength, reduced manipulation skills, decreased hand arch, delayed/immature tripod grip
What are some OT body function assessment areas for children with low vision?
Motor assessments (tone, strength, hand functions, motor reflexes)
Sensory assessments (tactile functions, vestibular functions, praxis)
Suzy's OT has been systematically introducing new motor skills, what kind of intervention approach for VI is this?
incidental learning
What does CLVT, VI teacher, and O&M specialist stand for?
Certified Low Vision Therapist
Visual Impairment Teacher
Orientation and Mobility Specialist
Sherry is a 4-year-old who loves all her stuffed animals and has a visual acuity of 20/200 with glasses, what kind of childhood blindness does she have?
Legal blindness
What are play considerations for children with low vision?
there may be limited play exploration (crawling, climbing), mouthing objects beyond infancy, spacial orientation in games may be challenging, toys with no texture or auditory or not fun, bonding may be challenging
What are some OT activity and participation assessments for children with low vision?
structured play observations, self-care tasks, school access, classroom tasks
what are areas of OT intervention for children with low vision?
postural tone, balance, equilibrium, core strength, proximal stability, finger coordination, task modification in home and class, self care skills using utensils, dressing, etc
What memeber of the interprofessional team would be involved in IFSP services in the home?
VI teacher, OM teacher, OT
At what age should a child's hand-eye coordination and depth perception be well developed?
2 years old
What are some considerations in regard to language and communication for children with vision impairment?
difficulty learning cognitive concepts, spatial relations, object conceptualization, gestural/nonverbal communication compromised, articulation errors in words
What are standardized OT assessments of vision impairments?
Impact on vision Impairment profile
Oregon project for visually impaired and blind preschoolers
DASH-3
Play
What is a core principal of intervention for children with vision impairment?
predictability!
How do children with vision impairment qualify for an IEP?
Category: Visual impairment including blindness, deaf-blindness
use braille as a medium of learning,OM specialist for campus access; OT, PT, SLP, APE as a related service
*OT a related service
Harold is 7 years old and loves to play with sand, and with glasses, he has a visual acuity of 20/70, what kind of childhood blindness does he have?
low vision
Carol is showing difficulties with visual complexity, visual crowding, photophobia, displaying a non-purposeful gaze, an attraction toward moving objects, poor depth perception, and absent visual reflex, what condition does she have?
(can be due to anoxia, hypoxia, hydrocephalus, CNS infections, IV hemmorage, or other-ranges from mild to serve
Who are members of the interprofessional team for children with low vision in the medical and educational realm?
MEDICAL
opthalmologist (MD), optometrists (OD), low vision specialist
EDUCATIONAL
VI teacher, O&M specialist, psychologist, OT, SLP, PT/adaptive PE teacher
Cheryl uses left to right sequencing, locates workspace parameters, and pursues dropped items. What is the skill called?
organized tactile scanning
What are some key aspects of intervention for children with vision impairment?
having a predictable physical layout, using tactile input, using unplanned/unattended learning to introduce new motor skills to promote the stability of joints