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Characterized by decreased tear secretion & increased tear film evaporation. S/S: gritty/sandy sensation that worsens through the day. Diagnosed with Schirmer's test.
What is dry eye?
This a non-infectious opacity or clouding of the eyes. May be unilateral or bilateral. S/S: blurred vision, diplopia, photosensitivity, glare, difficulty driving at night, no pain, & visual distortions.
What is cataract?
Clinical manifestation of diabetic retinopathy are what?
What are:
-Identified thru ophthalmoscope showing microaneurysms
-Reports of floaters and vision loss
This disorder is caused by increased pressure due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. Open-angle and closed-angle are the two types.
What is glaucoma?
Separation of the retina from the choroid in the posterior portion of the eye. Usually causes a hole in the retina that allow vitreous fluid to leak between the choroid and the retina.
What is retinal detachment?
This the condition of aging retina with slow loss of central & near vision. Consist of two types: wet (neovascular degeneration) & dry (non-exudative/non-neovascular).
What is macular degeneration?
One is the outward turning of the eyelid. The other is the inward turning of the eyelid. These cause abnormal direction of the eyelids with tear spillage and corneal dryness.
What is:
-Ectropion (outward)
-Entropion (inward)
These two examination are used to diagnose cataract.
What are:
-Ophthalmoscope
-Slit-lamp microscope examination
Disorder of retinal blood vessels characterized by a series of capillary microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, & creation of new blood vessels & connective tissue. Occurs in poorly controlled DM. Initial stage may last for several years with no effect of visual acuity.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
List 3 nursing management for glaucoma.
What are: safety, monitoring for compliance, emphasize early intervention, report reappearance of S/S, avoid use of mydriatic/cyclopegic drugs that dilate pupils
List clinical manifestation for retinal detachment.
What are:
-Sudden or gradual development of flashes of light
-Followed by "Floating spots", "cobweb", "hairnet"
-Loss of specific field of vision
Name the clinical manifestations for macular degeneration.
What are:
-Appearance of drusen in the fundus
-Gradual loss of bilateral central vision loss
-Color preception is affected
This medication is used to treat dry eyes and eye irritation.
What is Liquifilm Forte or polyvinyl alcohol?
List five nursing implementations for cataracts.
What are:
-Pre Op: instill eye drops wearing gloves
-Post Op: instill mydriatic/cyclopegic/corticosteroid eye drops, instruct pt to avoid sudden mov't, heavy lifting, bending over, straining, & coughing/sneezing, wear eye patch, wear UV blocking sunglasses, high fiber diet & stool softener PRN
This surgical intervention destroys new blood vessels, seals leaking vessels, and helps prevent retinal edema by use of a laser beam. Post Op ensure to assess for temporary vision loss and HA.
What is photocoagulation?
Beta-adrenergic medication that reduces the formation of aqueous humor in open angle glaucoma. Ensure the keep the container closed tightly and determine intraocular pressure.
What are:
-Betoptic or betaxolol hydrochloride
-Timoptic or timolol maleate
Name the medical management for retinal detachment.
What are:
-Photocoagulation
- Cryosurgery
-Electrodiathermy
-Scleral buckling
-Pneumatic reinopexy
This type occurs when new vessels grow in the macular region and macular is displaced and scarred. Scarred cells can't register light. Vision loss is irreversible.
What is wet type(neovascular degeneration)?
Medical treatment for ectropion & entropion is topical meds to reduce inflammation/dryness and surgery. Name three nursing implementations to treat these disorders.
What are:
-Administer prescribe meds
-Change drsgs as ordered
-Ensure safety for surgery
-Assist with self care
-Observe for infection/inflammation
-Monitor txt and report progress
Deduct 800 points from another team
Deduct 800 points from another team
Name 3 nursing interventions for diabetic retinopathy.
What are:
-Ensure safetly for vision limitations
-Wear UV blocking sunglasses
-Provide emotional/psychosocial support for pt and family
- Encourage high fiber diet & stool softeners
-Activity as ordered for individual pt
These two meds lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma. One is a carbon anhydrase inhibitor that may increase blood sugar & cause drowsiness. The med is a mitotic that you need to ensure to give the exact dose and apply light finger pressure on lacrimal sack for 1 minute after installation of drops.
What are:
-Diamox or acetazolamide
-Pilocar or pilocarpine hydrochloride
Free 800 points
800 points
This type occurs when lipid deposits are followed by slow atrophy of macular region and retina. Reading and close vision tasks become more difficult.
What is dry type (non-exudative or non-vascular degeneration).
List three nursing interventions for dry eyes.
What are:
-Apply warm/cold compresses
-Administer pain meds/artificical tears
-Ensure proper instilling of eye drops
-Ensure proper hygiene practices
-Give instructions on avoiding irritants
One surgical intervention is the removal of the lens with its capsule. The one is the removal of the lens leaving the posterior portion of its capsule.
What are:
-Intracapsular and extracapsular
This surgical procedure is the removal of excess vitreous fluid & scar tissue replacement with normal saline. Post Op: topical meds q 4-6 wks, pain meds, pressure patch over eye, and ice pack to reduce edema.
What is vitrectomy?
This medication is osmotic diuretic to treat both type of glaucoma. Given via IV for 1-3 hrs. Monitor VS q1hr, I&Os, weight, and potassium. May crystallize at lower temperature, warm vial in hot water and shake vigorously.
What is Mannitol or osmitrol?
Name 4 post-op nursing interventions for retinal detachment.
What are:
-Administer cycloplegic/mydriatric and anti-infective eye drops
-Eye patch, rest 1-2 days
-No heavy lifting, limit reading
-Explain reason for restrictive activities
-Report any further S/S of detachment
List 3 nursing implementation for macular degeneration.
What are:
-Note extent of vision loss
-Assess level of difficulty of ADLs
-Assist pt with developing ways of doing ADLs
-Maintain safety
-Provide emotional support