Structure of eye
The watery fluid that circulates within the anterior chamber of the eye
What is the aqueous humor?
The clear gel like substance that is behind the lens of the eyeball
What is the vitreous humor
This sends impulses to the optic tracts, optic radiations, and visual cortex of the brain
What is nerve fibers?
( nerve fibers from the nasal portion of each eye cross over at the optic chiasm and travel to the contralateral, or opposite, side of the brain.)
Inflammation of the eyelid and its symptoms
What is Blepharitis, granulated eyelids?
The symptoms of blepharitis include red, watery eyes, dry gritty sensation of the eyes, burning sensation in the eye; itchy eyelids, erythematous, swollen eyelids; flaking of the skin around the eyes; crusted eyelashes upon awakening; photophobia, excessive tearing, abnormal eyelash growth, loss of eyelashes
eyelids may also appear greasy and crusted with scales that cling to the lashes. acne and seborrheic dermatitis are skin disorders associated with blepharitis of the eyelids
*Know good hygiene as the treatment
The inflammationor infectionof keratits affects the outer layer of the cornea, but it can go ddeper into the cornea, increasing the risk of impaired vision. This term means corneal and conjunctiva inflammation when this occurs.
The symptoms
What is keratoconjunctivitis?
What is eye pain, redness, photophobia, and a feeling that a foreign body is irritating the eye?
The colored portion of the eye located in the choroid layer
The part of the eye that is in the center of the riris, that performs dilation which is (mydriasis) and constriction which is ( miosis).
What is the sclera, choroid and retina?
What is light enters the eye at the cornea: sclera. The choroid is the thin vascular layer between the sclera and the retina. The retina is the sensory portion of the eye that changes light waves into neuro impulses that travel via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation
This process occurs when light rays travel from the pupil through the aqueous and vitreous humors to the retina
What is refraction?
The role of the sympathetic stimulation and parasympathetic stimulation on the canal of Schlemm
What is relaxation of the ciliary muscle, in sympathetic stimulation which blocks drainage of the canal of Schlemm(aqueous fluid can accumulate within the eye)?
What is stimulation caused by contraction of the ciliary muscle, which opens the way for the canal of Schlemm to drain, in parasympathetic stimulation?
The symptoms and causes of a stye
What is a bacterial infection that develops near the root of an eyelash and appears on the outside of the eye.
The symptoms is pain, swelling, and redness of the conjunctivia caused by staphylococcus aureus
*Treatment is antibiotics and warm compresses with diluted boric acid solution
The Diagnostic test used for keratoconjunctivitis
The treatment for herpes simplex or varicella zoster
What is fluorescein staining of the cornea?
What is Acyclovir?
* Note corticosteroids should not be used for viral keratitis, as they will worsen the disease. Corneal transplant is used in severe cases
The process in which we see
Upon funduscopic examination, this part of the eye is visualized as a bright, yellow, round, structure located medially on the retina (it consists of a lighter colored optic cup in the center, surrounded by the darker yellow optic disc).
What is optic nerve?
Where the ciliary muscle regulates the flow of aqueous fluid through the?
What is the canal of Schlemm- an important structure that regulates intraocular pressure (IOP)?
Clinical concept: sympathetic or anticholinergic drug action on the ciliary muscle blocks the canal of Schlemm, causing accumulation of aqueous fluid, thereby increasing IOP; high IOP can trigger or worsen glaucoma
The blockage in one of the small Meibomian oil glands at the margin of the eyelid is known as
The symptoms
The Treatments
What is chalazion?
What is eyelid tenderness, increased tearing, painful swelling on the eyelid, and sensitivity to light
What is warm compresses, steroid injection, and surgical excision
This disorder occurs when contact lenses are contaminated with ameba; a protozoan organism that is ubiquitous in the soil.(This occurs from swimming, showering or washing with ameba infested water while wearing contacts)
What is Acanthamoeba?
The three main layers of the eye and their functions
What is the sclera, choroid and retina?
What is light enters the eye at the cornea: sclera. The choroid is the thin vascular layer between the sclera and the retina. The retina is the sensory portion of the eye that changes light waves into neuro impulses that travel via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation
The pathway in which tears flow from the lacrimal sac to where?
What is the nasolacrimal duct, which empties into the nose?
The disorders seen on the retinas
What is arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes?
The infection of conjunctiva
The symptoms of conjunctiva
The causes of conjunctiva
What is conjunctivitis ?
What is red, swollen, eye feels itchy, purulent or watery discharge from the eye ?
What is viral, bacterial, and allergic causes?
(Bacterial conjunctivitis is called pinkeye, highly contagious
Another name for dry eye
Its symptoms
Its causes
Its treatments
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
What is Sarcoidosis, Sjogren's syndrome, and lesions affecting CN V or VII can cause dry eye.
What is antihistamines, anticholigics, and psychotropic drugs( as causes)
What is artificial tears ( as treatment)
What is the three chambers of the eyeball and their locations
What is the anterior chambers that sits (between the cornea and the iris), the posterior chamber (between the iris and lens), The vitreous chamber(between the lens and the retina).
Parts of the conjunctiva and it's function
What is the palpebral portion- the pink membrane that lines the eyelid and the bulbar conjunctiva- colorless and covers the eyeball except for the cornea.
This condition occurs when the optic disc becomes swollen and there is an increased in intracranial pressure
What is papilledema?
The inflammation of the cornea
The cause of this condition
It can also be caused by bacteria, parasites', and fungi which are less common
Symptoms of acanthamoeba
What is corneal scarring, uveitis, scleritis, and cataracts?
*Acanthamoeba keratitis can lead to granulomatous ameba encephalitis