Eye Drugs
Which muscarinic agonist causes miosis and is used in acute angle-closure glaucoma?
What is pilocarpine?
This photoreceptor is responsible for night vision and is most affected in vitamin A deficiency.
What are rods?
A pituitary tumor compressing this structure causes loss of peripheral vision in both eyes- what is it?
What is the Optic chiasm?
This structure becomes less elastic with age, impairing accommodation.
What is the lens?
What structure produces aqueous humor in the eye?
What is the ciliary body?
Which fluoroquinolone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic often used as eye drops for bacterial keratitis?
What is ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin?
These photoreceptors are concentrated in the fovea and are responsible for high-acuity color vision.
What are cones?
A lesion here causes contralateral homonymous hemianopsia- what structure is affected?
What is the Optic tract?
What property determines the degree of light refraction at a surface?
What is the refractive index?
The ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses border which wall of the orbit?
What is the medial wall?
Which alpha-1 agonist causes mydriasis without cycloplegia by acting on radial muscles of the iris?
What is phenylephrine?
These neurons receive input from photoreceptors and transmit signals to ganglion cells.
This thalamic relay station receives visual input from the optic tract before sending it to the cortex- what is it?
What is the Lateral geniculate nucleus?
What type of lens is used to correct hyperopia?
What is a convex lens?
Tears drain from the eye through the puncta → lacrimal canaliculi → lacrimal sac → ?
What is the nasolacrimal duct?
Which prostaglandin analogue increases uveoscleral outflow and is a first-line agent for glaucoma?
What is latanoprost?
The axons of these cells form the optic nerve.
What are ganglion cells?
A lesion in this brain region causes contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing due to dual blood supply- what is it?
What is Primary visual cortex?
What is an irregular curvature of the cornea called?
What is astigmatism?
Which Cranial Nerve supplies the muscle that depresses, abducts, and intorts the eye?
What is CN 4 (Trochlear Nerve)?
What is the general mechanism of action shared by timolol, brimonidine, and acetazolamide in glaucoma therapy?
What is decreasing aqueous humor production?
This retinal layer stores vitamin A, supports photoreceptors, and is separated from the neurosensory retina in retinal detachment.
What is the retinal pigment epithelium?
Unlike the accommodation pathway, this reflex bypasses the visual cortex and instead sends signals from the retina to the pretectal area and bilaterally to the Edinger-Westphal nuclei to cause pupillary constriction- what is it?
What is the pupillary light reflex?
Where in relation to the retina do light rays focus in a person with myopia?
What is in front of the retina?
What part of the drainage system provides resistance to aqueous humor outflow?
What is trabecular meshwork?