Tests and Procedures
In this test for parallel alignment of the axes the examiner shines a light towards the patient's eyes as they stare straight ahead. If the reflection is on the same spot in each eye, that patient "passes" the test.
What is the Hirschberg or Corneal Refkex Test?
Monocular blindness.
Generally affecting those over the age of 40, this condition decreases the elasticity of the eye, and with it the ability to accommodate for near vision.
What is presbyopia?
This disorder, also called "pink eye", is caused by bacterial infection.
What is conjunctivitis?
Loss of vision that starts in the periphery usually indicates this kind of eye problem.
What is increasing intraocular pressure?
Examiners looking through the ophthalmoscope will see this part of the eye, including the macula and optic disk.
What is the ocular fundus?
This condition of the pupils can indicate a reaction to sympathomimetic drugs, deep anesthesia, or circulatory arrest.
What is mydriasis (dilated and fixed pupils)?
This disorder is caused by fluid in the eye being blocked or slow to drain, increasing the pressure in the eye and causing damage to the optic nerve.
What is glaucoma?
In this disorder the patient will experience a sudden clouding if his/her vision, eye pain, and halos around light.
What is Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)?
Loss of vision in one eye often indicates this eye problem.
What is a lesion in the globe or optic nerve?
This test leads the eyes through the six cardinal positions of gaze.
What is the diagnostic positions test?
This indicates the reaction of the pupil is slow. It is is usually unilateral.
Adie's Pupil (Tonic Pupil)
This disorder is the leading cause of blindness in adults 25 to 74 years of age. It is when blood vessels in the retina swell and leak, close off and starve the retina of nutrients, or grow abnormally across the surface of the retina.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
This disorder is caused by intraocular pressure caused by coughing, weight lifting, or childbirth. It generally looks more serious than it is.
What is subconjunctival hemorrhage?
A person with this disorder might have diminished vision in one quadrant or one half of their visual field.
What is retinal detachment?
In this test both the examiner and the patient cover and eye and look for an object, often a finger, in their peripheral vision.
What is the confrontation test?
This condition of the pupils can happen with use of certain glaucoma medications, use of narcotics, or brain damage of the pons.
What is miosis (constricted and fixed pupils)?
This disorder affects half of individuals aged 75. It is the clouding of the lens caused by a clumping of protein in the lens.
What are cataracts?
In this disorder the center of the eye around the pupil is red. Patient may complain of photophobia, blurred vision, or throbbing pain.
What is iritis?
Someone with damage to this area might have blindness in the central area of vision.
What is damage to the macula?
This measurement of eye function is often used in emergent or neurological situations to determine cranial nerve function.
PERRLA.
In this condition of the pupil, there is no reaction to light, however, there is constriction with accommodation.
What is Argyll Robertson pupil?
What is age-related macular degeneration?
In this disorder an opaque wing of of bulbar conjunctiva overgrows the center of the conjunctiva.
What is pterygium?
In this kind of damage the loss of vision usually occurs in the spot where the injury occurs.
What is localized damage?