DNA Virus
What does the acronym for porcine parvovirus and what does it mean
SMEDI
Stillbirth Mummification Early Embryonic Death Infertility
This disease is transmitted by sand flies, midges, black flies or direct contact and typically presents itself with oral and skin lesions and is zoonotic
Vesicular stomatitis virus
What is more resistant enveloped or non-enveloped and why
non-enveloped
What is viral epidemiology
disease in populations
Where does DNA and RNA virus replicate
DNA --> nucleus
RNA --> cytoplasm
This virus results in epithelial proliferation and vasculitis
poxvirus
What is a unique feature of the rhabdovirus
bullet shaped and has unique types of inclusion bodies negri bodies
Viruses consist of:
DNA or RNA and proteins with or without a lipid membrane coat
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence
Incidence: Acute, short duration disease (New Cases)
Prevalence: Chronic, long duration disease
What are cytoplathic effects (CPE)
Morphological changes of infected cells such as rounding lysis, detachment, syncytial and inclusion bodies
List all species differences in herpes viruses
Dog- neonatal death, no abortion
Cat- no abortion
Cattle- respiratory problems
Horse- neurology
Porcine- can spread to other species
Describe the main pathogenesis of rabies
infects central nervous system by entering the peripheral nerve endings
What is the primary difference between non-enveloped and enveloped viruses reguarding environmental survival pathogenesis
Non-enveloped viruses have short survival in the environment
What are the two major routes of transmission and describe them and give and example
Horizontal:
Name the 3 modes of systemic virus spread within the host
Hematogenous spread
Lymphatic spread
Neural spread
Where does parvovirus replicate
crypt epithelial cells, leukocytes and developing fetus
What happens to a virues when various segments are shuffled totally changing the virus
antigenic shift: reassortment
Peplomer/spike is a building block of what type of virus
Envelope
Describe the different routes of shedding
Skin, respiratory secretions, saliva, Feces, general secretions, Urine, Milk, No shedding
Where do VAP and cell receptor interact on virus
Non- envelope: part of the capsid or a protein on the end of the capsid
Envelope: spike/peplomer glycoprotein
What distinguishes gammaherpesviruses from alphaherpesviruses?
Gammaherpesviruses primarily infect lymphocytes and can cause neoplastic transformation
Name the key differences between BRSV and PI3
BRSV
Worst of the cattle pathogen, Moderate to severe disease
Short lived immunity
Infect immunosuppressive
Vaccine available but doesn't respond as well
Adults-atypical interstitial pneumonia
Affects beef and dairy cows
Replicates in ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract
Induces syncytia and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in infected cells
PI3
Weak pathogen
Often subclinical
Vaccine available
Immunity short lived
What kinds of proteins are in structural and non-structural
Structural: Virion protein
Non-Structural: replication regulatory proteins
What are the two major routes of transmission and describe them and give and example
Horizontal: with or without a vector, between the same or different host species
- direct contact (licking, rubbing, etc.) and indirect contact (fomites)
Vertical: moment viruses moves from parent to their offspring during gestation
- placenta, colostrum, milk, perinatally
Name the natural barriers for different routes of virus entry
Respiratory Tract, GI tract, Conjunctiva, Urinary tract, Skin