Cells, Tissues & Metabolism
What structure separates the contents of a cell from its surroundings?
Cell membrane
What tiny air sacs in the lungs are the main site of gas exchange?
Alveoli
What tissue connects muscles to bones?
Tendon
What molecule stores genetic information?
DNA
What is the male reproductive cell called?
Sperm
What type of transport moves water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
Which blood cells primarily transport oxygen?
Erythrocytes
What organ produces urea through deamination of amino acids?
Liver
What type of cell division produces genetically identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
What process produces sperm cells?
Spermatogenesis
What molecule is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP
Which blood component is mainly responsible for clotting?
Platelets
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What process produces an RNA copy of a gene?
Transcription
What structure develops during pregnancy to allow exchange between the mother and foetus?
Placenta
What type of membrane transport requires energy to move substances against a concentration gradient?
Active transport
What muscular movement pushes food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What theory explains muscle contraction through the movement of actin and myosin filaments?
Sliding filament theory
What process during meiosis involves the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes?
Crossing over
What diagram is used to predict possible genotypes of offspring?
Punnett square
Which factor affecting enzyme activity refers to a molecule binding to an enzyme and reducing its activity?
Enzyme inhibitor
What process allows oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood down its concentration gradient?
Simple diffusion
What process in the nephron moves substances from the blood into the filtrate after filtration has occurred?
Secretion
What meiotic error can produce gametes containing an abnormal number of chromosomes?
Non-disjunction
What inheritance pattern is demonstrated by the ABO blood group when both A and B alleles are expressed in the phenotype?
Co-dominance