Teaching frameworks
This classical lesson framework is commonly used for teaching grammar and vocabulary.
What is the PPP framework?
This writing approach focuses on model texts and encourages students to follow a structured format with clear organization and language use.
What is the product writing approach?
This reading strategy focuses on getting the general idea of a text rather than specific details.
What is reading for gist?
This optional punctuation mark appears before the final "and" or "or" in a list.
What is the Oxford comma?
This process in connected speech occurs when a sound is omitted, as in the pronunciation of "friendship" as /frɛnʃɪp/.
What is elision?
This type of test is given before a course begins to determine a student's current level and place them in an appropriate group.
What is an entry test?
This approach to teaching encourages students to notice patterns and rules in language through structured activities before explicit explanations.
What is guided discovery?
This approach to speaking and writing emphasizes understanding the overall meaning before focusing on individual words or details.
What is the top-down approach?
A listening skill where learners focus on picking out particular details, such as a train departure time or a phone number.
What is listening for specific information?
This acronym represents the seven coordinating conjunctions.
What is FANBOYS?
The technique where learners are asked to repeat after a model to improve their pronunciation.
What is drilling?
This term refers to whether a test actually measures what it is intended to assess, such as a speaking test that evaluates real communicative ability.
What is construct validity?
A teacher engages students in a discussion about travel experiences before reading a text about tourism.
What is activating schemata?
This concept refers to the logical connection between sentences and ideas in speaking or writing.
What is cohesion?
Before reading or listening, teachers may ask students to guess what the content will be about.
What is predicting?
A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
What is a complex sentence?
This type of intonation pattern is commonly used in yes/no questions.
What is rising tone?
These types of tests are designed for learning purposes rather than for official certification or large-scale evaluation.
What are pedagogical tests?
Jeremy Harmer proposed this variation of the classical lesson framework.
What is the ESA framework?
In speaking tasks, this term refers to a speaker's ability to organize their ideas clearly and effectively.
What is discourse management?
When learners figure out a speaker’s feelings, opinions, or tone from their choice of words and intonation, they are practicing this skill.
What is inferring attitude?
A punctuation problem where two independent clauses are incorrectly joined by a comma.
What is a comma splice?
The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word.
What is a phoneme?
This concept ensures that different examiners give similar scores when marking the same test responses.
What is scorer reliability?
Developed by N.S. Prabhu in India, this communicative teaching project emphasized task-based learning over explicit grammar instruction.
What is the Bangalore Project?
When a pronoun or word refers back to something mentioned earlier in a text.
What is anaphoric reference?
This teaching technique helps students with challenging words before texts to prevent comprehension difficulties.
What is pre-teaching blocking vocabulary?
This type of sentence error occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without proper punctuation or conjunctions.
What is a run-on sentence?
The difference between "I scream" and "ice cream" demonstrates this key aspect of connected speech.
What is juncture?
This type of scoring system evaluates overall performance based on a general impression, rather than separate criteria.
What is a holistic scale?