Inside the Earth
This layer of Earth is where hot, slow-moving material helps move tectonic plates.
Mantle
What are the three types of boundaries, and how do they move?
Convergent -><-
Divergent <- ->
Transform <-
->
These mountains form when lava erupts and cools on Earth’s surface.
What are volcanic mountains?
Earthquakes happen most often near these features on Earth’s surface.
Transform plate boundaries?
Earth’s surface usually changes very slowly over this type of time scale.
What is long (geologic) time?
Convection currents happen in this layer and help drive plate motion.
Mantle
When two continental plates collide, this landform often forms.
Mountain Ranges
A ____ ______ forms volcanoes even when plates are not at a boundary.
What is a hot spot?
True or False: Earthquakes only happen directly on plate boundaries. Explain.
False; most earthquakes happen near boundaries, but some happen away from them.
A volcanic eruption is an example of a change that happens over what kind of time scale?
What is a short time scale?
The outer most layer of the mantle that is rock where the plates are is called the
lithosphere
At a convergent boundary between two oceanic plates, what happens to the older plate?
What is subduction, where old crust sinks back into the mantle?
Where do volcanoes form
at divergent and convergent plate boundaries
Why do earthquake and volcano maps often show activity in the same places?
Both occur where plates move and interact at plate boundaries.
Compare how long it takes a volcano to form versus how quickly it can erupt.
Volcanoes form over millions of years, but eruptions can change them very quickly.
Explain how heat inside Earth causes plates to move.
Heat causes mantle material to rise and sink, creating convection currents that move tectonic plates.
Compare what happens at convergent and divergent plate boundaries.
Convergent boundaries push together (mountains/volcanoes); divergent boundaries pull apart (new crust forms).
Explain how fault-block mountains form using tension or compression.
Fault-block mountains form when tension pulls the crust apart, causing blocks to move up and down.
Where do most Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur?
The Ring of Fire
Explain why scientists say Earth’s surface changes at different speeds.
Some processes are slow (plate movement), while others are fast (eruptions, earthquakes).
Predict what would happen to plate movement if Earth’s interior cooled down.
Plate movement would slow down or stop because convection currents would weaken or stop.
Which type of plate boundary is most likely to create mountains and why?
What is a convergent boundary, because compression pushes crust upward to form mountains?
Predict how a chain of islands can show the direction a tectonic plate is moving.
Older islands are farther away, showing the plate is moving away from the hot spot.
Analyze why some earthquakes occur away from plate boundaries.
Stress can build up inside plates or along hidden faults, causing earthquakes away from boundaries
Give one example of a slow Earth process and one fast Earth process and explain each.
Slow: Mountain building or plate movement
Fast: Volcanic eruptions or earthquakes