Chem of Cells
Cells are made of atoms- what makes up an atom?
Nucleus: Protons (+) & Neutrons
&
Electrons (-)
What is the monomer for lipids?
Fatty Acids
What is the monomer of Proteins?
Amino Acids
What do catabolic reactions do?
Break down of food molecules into building blocks
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What determines how atoms interact?
Electrons!
What bond holds the monomers of polysaccharides together? And what type of bond are they?
Glycosidic bonds (covalent)
What property of lipids enables them to make up our membranes?
Amphipathic nature
What lowers the activation energy of reactions?
Enzymes
What are couples reactions?
The energy from a favorable rxn energizes a non favorable rxn
A molecule is a cluster of atoms held together by what bonds?
Covalent
What does it mean to be amphipathic?
To have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region
What part of the monomer of proteins is variable and determines a proteins function/diversity?
R-Group
How do we keep order in our cell?
We release heat energy
= more disorder outside of cell and more order inside
How does ATP supply energy?
By losing a phosphate, due to the covalent bonds and becoming ADP, the energy is released for the cell to use
Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic?
Charged atoms/Polar group
Hydrophilic
What bond holds the monomers of nucleic acids together?
Phosphodiester Bonds
What is the directionality of Proteins? AND What is the directionality of Nucleic Acids?
Proteins: n -> C
Nucleic Acids: 5' -> 3'
What is the second law of thermodynamics
For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
(dirty room and clean room)
Which steps DO NOT require O2 in cellular respiration?(there are 3/2.5)
Glycolysis, Krebs, and Pyruvate ->acetyl Co A
What is the weakest bond of the three:
Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen Bonds?
Hydrogen Bonds
What fatty acid form is healthy for you and why?
Unsaturated fatty acids- because there are kinks it makes it so the fats are more fluid -> think olive oil
What bonds holds the monomers of proteins together?
Peptide Bonds
What 2 processes are complimentary?
Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
What else can be converted to acetyl co a and produces alot more energy?
Lipids