Gas
What do we call matter that has no fixed shape and spreads to fill its container?
Gas
What is the name for the process when a liquid turns into a gas?
A liquid takes the shape of its container (but has a definite volume).
Which state of matter has particles that are very close together and arranged more rigidly?
A liquid takes the shape of its container (but has a definite volume).
What do we call the amount of space an object takes up?
Volume
What happens to particle motion when matter is heated?
Particles move faster when matter is heated.
What is the opposite process of evaporation (gas turning into liquid)?
Condensation.
What is an example of liquid?
Examples: water, juice, pop
Give one example of a solid from everyday life.
Examples: rock, ice, metal, wood.
What is mass a measure of?
Mass measures the amount of matter (how much "stuff") in an object.
Name the temperature scale used in Canada
Celsius
Explain why gas particles are farther apart than in solids.
Gas particles have weaker attractive forces and more kinetic energy so they spread farther apart.
Why can liquids flow while solids do not (use particle arrangement)?
Liquid particles are less tightly held than solids, allowing them to move past one another (flow).
Describe how particle motion in a solid compares to a liquid when heated.
In solids particles vibrate in place; when heated they vibrate more but remain close until melting.
Why do most materials shrink when cooled? Use particle explanation.
Cooling reduces particle kinetic energy so particles move closer together, decreasing volume.
Why should engineers consider temperature changes when designing bridges and roads?
Because materials expand/contract with temperature changes; engineers include features like expansion joints to maintain safety and durability.
What happens to gas particle motion when temperature increases?
Particle motion speeds up (move faster) when temperature increases.
How does a liquid thermometer measure temperature?
Liquid thermometers measure temperature by volume change (thermal expansion) of the liquid.
Why do solids keep their shape better than liquids? Reference particle attraction.
Stronger attractive forces hold particles in place so solids keep a fixed shape.
A balloon is placed in a freezer. Predict what happens to its size and explain using particle motion and mass ideas.
The balloon will shrink because the gas particles inside slow down and move closer together; the mass of the gas stays the same.
Explain why cracks can form in sidewalks after repeated heating and cooling cycles.
Repeated heating and cooling causes expansion and contraction, which stresses materials and can create cracks over time.
A sealed container of gas is heated. Describe what happens to particle speed and pressure
Particle speed increases and they collide more often with container walls, increasing pressure.
Two identical cups of water are placed: one in sun, one in shade. Which evaporates faster and why? Use particle explanation.
The one in the sun evaporates faster because higher temperature makes particles move faster and escape into the air more readily.
Explain how particle spacing changes during melting and how that affects volume.
During melting, particles move farther apart as they gain energy, increasing volume for most substances; for water the reverse happens on freezing (ice has larger volume than liquid water).
A block of metal expands when heated. How would this change show up if you measured its volume and why (particle-level explanation)?
Measured volume increases; particles move farther apart when heated causing material to expand.
A metal bridge without expansion joints is built. During a very hot summer, what is the most likely structural outcome and why? Use particle-level and macroscopic reasoning.
The metal would expand and could bend or crack from stresses if there is no place to expand; thermal expansion increases particle spacing causing macroscopic strain.