Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
100
Consider a sugar which has 6 carbons and 3 chiral centers. How many stereoisomers are possible? And how does this compare to the number of biological forms found in nature?
a. 8 stereoisomers, 8 biologically active
b. 8 stereoisomers, 4 biologically active
c. 16 stereoisomers, 8 biologically active
d. 16 stereoisomers, 16 biologically active
b. 8 stereoisomers, 4 biologically active
100
Which of the following amino acid mutations will result in an increased affinity for oxygen in the BPG binding pocket?
a. Lys → Arg
b. His → Lys
c. Arg → Ala
d. Glu → His
What is Arg → Ala
100
TA Fatima was working with deoxyribose sugar and different bases during her lab. She was trying to get a better understanding of nucleosides while using deoxyribose sugar. Based on the pairs and their abbreviated names below which will not form an acceptable nucleoside.
a. Deoxyribose + Uracil; dU
b. Deoxyribose + Adenine; dA
c. Deoxyribose + Cytosine; dC
d. Deoxyribose + Guanine; (dG)
What is A (deoxyUracil)
100
Step 10 of glycolysis is very important because it creates the complex metabolite pyruvate! Which of the following statements is incorrect about step 10?
a. The reactants for step 10 include PEP and ATP
b. The enzyme for the reaction is a kinase
c. Pyruvate Kinase is named for the reverse reaction
d. This reaction is reversible
What are A and D
100
Select the correct sequences of events that happen in the ETC for NADH.
a. Complex 1→ Coenzyme Q→ Cytochrome C→ Complex 4
b. Complex 2→ Coenzyme Q→ Cytochrome C→ Complex 4
c. Complex 1→ Coenzyme Q→ Complex 3→ Cytochrome C→ Complex 4
d. Complex 2→ Coenzyme Q→ Complex 3→ Cytochrome C→ Complex 4
What is C
200
What will be the charge on the following molecule at pH<1?
-2
-1
0
+1
+2
4. +1
200
A protein consisting of a single polypeptide chain is exposed to 8M urea and excess BME. Which of the following levels of protein structure will be disrupted? (Select all that apply)
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
e. None of the above
What are Secondary and Tertiary
200
Describe the chirality (D/L) and anomeric state (Alpha/Beta) of this sugar:
What are D and Alpha
200
During fasting, which of the following enzymes should be inhibited?
a. Phosphoglucomutase
b. Glycogen synthase
c. Hexokinase
d. Glycogen phosphorylase
What is Glycogen synthase
200
What are the products of the first two rounds of beta oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid chain?
What are 2 Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH and a 12-carbon fatty acid chain
300
Which of the following is accurate based on the following reaction?
ΔG=+, favorable, endergonic
ΔG=-, unfavorable, exergonic
ΔG=+, unfavorable, endergonic
ΔG=-, favorable, endergonic
ΔG=+, unfavorable, exergonic
ΔG=-, favorable, exergonic
3. ΔG=+, unfavorable, endergonic
300
Which of the following is not true about catalysts? (select all that apply)
a. Equilibrium achieved faster
b. Increases ΔGactual
c. Decreases ΔGactual
d. Concentration of products at equilibrium are increased
e. Not consumed during reaction
What is B and D
300
This type of mutation occurs when the second U in the "UUA" codon is replaced by an A
What is a Nonsense mutation
300
ATP serves as an allosteric inhibitor in which of the following reactions?
a. Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
b. Conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
c. Conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to G3P
d. Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
e. Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate
What is Conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
300
Insulin is an ____of Fatty Acid______While Insulin-dependent dephosphorylation cascade is an ___________ of Fatty acid_______.
Activator, FA breakdown, activator, FA synthesis
Activator, FA synthesis, inhibitor, FA breakdown
Inhibitor, FA breakdown, inhibitor, FA synthesis
Inhibitor, FA breakdown, activator, FA synthesis.
What is 4
400
Based on the image shown above, which of the following amino acids will be located at the N-terminus of the M13 virus coat protein?
Asp
Gln
Arg
Pro
1. Asp
400
You discover a mutation that takes place in the alpha helix of a protein, which takes place in the third position of the helix. This mutation converts a arginine to a proline. Which levels of protein structure will definitely be affected? (select all that apply)
a. Primary Structure
b. Secondary Structure
c. Tertiary Structure
d. Quaternary Structure
e. None of the above
What are A, B, C, D
400
This carbon in the image below can undergo mutarotation (specify carbon number and which sugar - left or right)
What is Carbon 1 on the right sugar
400
Which of the following compounds are NOT involved in the formation of lactate? (select all that apply)
a. Pyruvate
b. O2
c. ATP
d. Ethanol
e. CO2
What are O2, Ethanol, and CO2
400
The PDH occurs using three enzymes. Select all of the following that are correctly matched to their prosthetic group and co-substrate (Enzyme, prosthetic, co-substrate)
a. Pyruvate oxidative decarboxylase, TPP, CoA
b. Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, Lipoic acid, n/a
c. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, Lipoic acid, NAD+
d. Pyruvate oxidative decarboxylase, TPP, n/a
e. Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, Lipoic acid, FAD
f. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, NAD+, FAD
What is D
500
Which of the following reactions represents an oxidation?
NADH -> NAD+ + H+ + 2e-
O2 -> H2O
Fe3+ -> Fe2+
2H+ + 2e- -> H2
1. NADH -> NAD+ + H+ + 2e-
500
Which of the following is true about carbon monoxide binding? (select all that apply)
a. Carbon monoxide has a lower affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen
b. Carbon monoxide causes O2 to have a lower affinity for hemoglobin
c. Carbon monoxide has a higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen
d. Carbon monoxide causes O2 to have a higher affinity for hemoglobin
What are C and D
500
Which of the following amino acids might you expect to find in the shaded region?
a. A
b. R
c. S
d. L
e. I
What are answers A, D, and E (Alanine, Leucine, and Isoleucine - Nonpolar amino acids)
500
Which enzyme phosphorylates PKA and initiates the phosphorylation cascade?
What is none of them! PKA does not get phosphorylated
500
Oxidative decarboxylation is a very important function in metabolism. Select all of the following processes that involve at least one oxidative decarboxylation step.
a. Glycolysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Fermentation
d. PDH
e. Krebs cycle
f. ETC
g. Fatty acid synthesis
h. PPP
What are D, E and H