DNA structure
What is the shape of DNA
Double helix.
What is a Punnett square used for
To predict the genetic makeup of offspring from parental genotypes.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes.
What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
In a Punnett square, what do the letters outside the grid represent
The alleles of the parents.
Name one type of mutation
Point mutation.
How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?
Two (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).
What is the backbone of the DNA molecule made of?
Sugar and phosphate groups.
What is the phenotype ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa)?
3:1 (three dominant to one recessive).
Can mutations be beneficial?
Yes, some mutations can lead to beneficial traits or increased genetic diversity.
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes; it occurs during Prophase I of meiosis