DKA / HHS
DKA happens mostly in what type of patients?
Patients with type 1 diabetes
One common cause of hyperthyroidism is
Graves Disease
Insulin is produced in the
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans
Radioactive iodine is used for what?
Hyperthyroidism
A hemoglobin A1C test shows what?
An average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months, helping to assess long-term glucose control. Diabetics should be >7%
Name 2 key symptoms of HHS
Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, confusion, decreased LOC, headache.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include what?
Nervous, tremors, heat intolerance, diaphoretic, increased appetite, weight loss, exophthalmos, diarrhea, increase BP and HE, goiter.
The parathyroid gland regulates what?
Calcium levels
The client asks how they should store their insulin at home?
At room temperature for 1 month
Define Giantism and Acromegaly
Giantism: excessive GH during childhood.
Acromegaly: excessive GH during adulthood.
What are 2 common laboratory findings associated with DKA?
Elevated glucose levels, ketones in the blood and urine, metabolic acidosis.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include what?
Depression, fatigue, cold intolerance, hair loss, decreased appetite, weight gain, constipation, decrease BP and HR.
The fight or flight hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) are produced from which gland?
Adrenal Medulla
Hyperthyroidism
A client with metabolic syndrome has what signs and symptoms?
HTN, hyperglycemia, high cholesterol, obesity.
What is the blood glucose threshold for diagnosing HHS?
Greater than 600 mg/dL
Myxedema coma is a life-threatening condition that can occur due to severe untreated hypothyroidism, leading to what?
Lethargy, fatigue, change in mental status, decreased temperature, coma.
Which gland is known as the master gland?
Pituitary gland
Rapid acting
Describe the role of the endocrine glands
Regulate sleep wake cycle, reproduction, cellular metabolism, growth, flight or fight response, BP regulation.
What type of respirations are associated with DKA?
Kussmaul respirations
What are the key clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid storm?
Excessively high levels of thyroid hormone, high fever (often exceeding 104°F), tachycardia, agitation, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
The nurse asks client to hyperextend their neck to palpate the client's thyroid. While assessing, the client asks what are the hormones that are secreted by the thyroid?
T3 and T4
A client who takes Synthroid for hypothyroidism begins to have increase BP, HR, weight loss, heat intolerance. This indicates what?
Also called "hypoglycemia unawareness", what condition happens when clients don't experience early signs of hypoglycemia until severe symptoms like palpitations and tachycardia occur?
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure