The Reformation
He sparked the Protestant Reformation by posting the Ninety-five Theses.
Who is Martin Luther?
This term describes the Renaissance focus on individualism and secular learning.
What is humanism?
He proposed the heliocentric theory, later proven by Galileo.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
This philosopher defended freedom of speech.
Who is Voltaire?
This 1215 document limited the king’s power for the first time.
What is the Magna Carta?
This invention helped spread Reformation ideas by printing the Bible in vernacular languages.
What is the printing press?
A growing merchant class supported Renaissance art through this kind of financial support.
What is patronage?
His telescope observations challenged old beliefs based on tradition, not observation.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
This Enlightenment idea challenged absolute monarchy and divine right.
What is the social contract?
This idea from the Magna Carta states that no leader is above the law.
What is rule of law?
The Catholic Church launched this movement to respond to the Reformation.
What is the Counter-Reformation?
This book by Baldassare Castiglione described the ideal Renaissance courtier.
What is The Book of the Courtier?
This new method of thinking relied on observation and evidence rather than ancient teachings.
What is the scientific method / direct observation?
He believed laws should be created by the “general will” of the people.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights emphasized protecting these.
What are individual rights?
This English law made the monarch the head of the Church of England.
What is the Act of Supremacy?
This literary work is still studied for its insights on political power.
What is The Prince?
He used mathematics and reason to develop the laws of motion.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This thinker said people give up some rights in exchange for security and order.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Thomas Aquinas combined these two sources of knowledge in Summa Theologica.
What are faith and reason?
He established a theocracy in Geneva.
Who is John Calvin?
Renaissance wealth and technology allowed European nations to build these territories overseas.
What are colonial empires?
The discovery of moons orbiting Jupiter suggested this about the universe.
What is that not everything revolves around Earth?
This thinker promoted separation of powers, influencing modern government structures.
Who is Montesquieu?
These documents inspired American ideas about limiting government and protecting freedoms.
What are the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights?