Russian Royalties
This person built Russia's first navy. He made society more modern and made noblemen shave their beards. He traveled anonymously. He worked in Dutch and English shipyards. He founded the city of St. Petersburg.
Who was Peter I the Great of Russia
She was the ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy for 40 years and was known as the "Holy Roman Empress." Her father was Charles VI, and had no male heirs so he fought for his daugher to inherit the Habsburg empire.
Who is Maria Theresa of Austria?
This person was the Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1792. She was the country's longest ruling female leader. She expanded borders by adding 200,000 square miles to the Russian Empire and started the Russian Enlightenment ("Golden Age").
Who is Catherine the Great of Russia?
He was the Holy Roman Emperor and the only ruler of the Austrian Habsburg dominions from 1780 until he died in 1790. His was the oldest son of Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. He allowed peasants to marry and learn trades without permission.
Who is Joseph II of Austria?
To get Russia out of what Peter the Great called midieval isolation he taxed if people wore tradition beards, updated the alphabet, and changed the country to the Julian calendar.
What is westernization?
He tried to change too much too fast with no regard for centuries old regional customs. "Everything for the people, nothing by the people" caused this.
What is Joseph's downfall?
Catherine the Great converted to Russian Orthodoxy from Lutheranism, and took the name Catherine, and mastered the Russian language. She adopted customs such as wearing traditional Russian dresses and participated in local cultural events.
What is assimilation?
Immediately upon becoming the ruler Prussia and France broke their pacts and invaded Maria Theresa's territories. She defended her crown but lost the province of Silesia during this.
What is the War of Austrian Succession?
Fearing a plot to exile her, Catherine used her husband's unpopularity to lead a palace revolution that forced Peter to give up his position.
What is the overthrow?
She agreed to the First Partition of Poland in 1772 after being warned that refusing to participate would leave Austria's militarily and politically vulnerable to her expanding neighbors. Her beliefs evolved from aggressively fighting to secure her rightful inheritance into a defensive, balance of power approach that used strategic alliances, and diplomacy.
What is Maria Theresa's foreign policies?