Biological Factors
Identify 3 Biological Factors
- Blood Cholesterol
- Blood Pressure
- Genetics
- Age
Define sociocultural factors
Sociocultural factors relate to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
Define environmental factors
Environmental factors relate to the physical features that surround us. These can be natural features or those built by people.
Which nutrient if not consumed enough of can lead to osteoporosis
Calcium
Explain how alcohol contributes to variations in liver disease and how it impacts health outcomes
Alcohol is metabolized by the liver. Excessive or long-term consumption can damage liver cells, leading to conditions such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
Name 3 diseases that High BMI can lead to
- type 2 Diabetes
- High Blood pressure
- Arthritis
- High Blood Cholesterol
What are the 3 elements that make up Socioeconomic status?
- Occupation
- Education
If mentioning the environmental factor housing what are some diseases that could be caused through inadequate housing and which feature effects it?
Inadequate housing can contribute to a range of health conditions due to factors such as overcrowding, poor ventilation, dampness, or lack of sanitation.
Respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, bronchitis) can result from damp, moldy, or poorly ventilated housing.
Infectious diseases (e.g., gastrointestinal infections) can occur due to poor sanitation or limited access to clean water.
Injuries (e.g., fractures or burns) may increase in overcrowded or unsafe housing environments.
Mental health conditions (e.g., stress, anxiety, depression) can arise from overcrowding, noise, or housing instability.
Identify the 2 bad types of fats? and if consumed too much what diseases can it lead to (besides obesity)
- trans and saturated fats
- CVD
- High blood pressure
- High Blood cholesterol
What diseases can high intake of alcohol lead to?
- Injures
- Obesity
- CVD
- High Blood pressure
Explain how age can impact on Health status
As people age, body systems naturally decline/ deteriorate :
Immune system weakens → higher susceptibility to infections increase in morbidity
Bones lose density → higher risk of osteoporosis and fracture increase in morbidity
Cardiovascular system changes → increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease.
In younger populations, the immune and development systems are still maturing, making them more vulnerable to certain conditions like infections or nutrient deficiencies
Explain how employment status can contribute to variations in mental health and wellbeing
teacher discretion
Identify 3 environmental factors
- Housing
- Work enviro
- Urban design and infrastructure
- Climate and Climate change
Explain how fibre can impact one's physical health and wellbeing
Teacher judgment
Explain how alcohol can lead to an individual becoming obese?
- Alcohol is high in kilojules which can then be stored as adipose tissue fat and lead to access weight gain
Pick 1 biological factor not yet discussed and explain how it could lead to a variation in health status
Teacher discretion
Identify 2 Sociocultural factors not yet mentioned and explain how it could impact on Health outcomes
Food security
Social Isolation
Commercial Factors
Access Healthcare
Cultural Traditions
Name 2 ways climate and climate change could impact health and wellbeing (refer to two different dimensions)
teacher desertion
Explain how sugar can cause an individual to suffer with dental carries?
Sugar feeds the bacteria in your mouth which then can eat the enamel (protective layer) and cause individuals to suffer with dental carries
Explain how smoking/ vaping contributes to differences in health outcomes
It can cause a fault in cells which can lead to a tumor.
Smoking and vaping increase the risk of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and low birthweight in babies if mothers smoke during pregnancy.
Explain how genetics could impact on health outcomes x2
Genetics is a biological factor because it involves the inheritance of traits from parents that can affect susceptibility to disease.
Certain genes can predispose individuals to specific conditions, such as:
High cholesterol → increases risk of cardiovascular disease.
Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 → higher risk of breast or ovarian cancer.
Sickle cell trait → affects blood oxygen transport, leading to anemia.
These inherited traits cannot be changed, so they influence health outcomes throughout life.
Explain how social exclusion may contribute to differences in health outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are systematically disadvantaged from participating fully in society, including access to education, employment, healthcare, and social support.
For Indigenous Australians:
Historical and ongoing discrimination, marginalisation, and loss of cultural connections contribute to social exclusion.
Limited access to healthcare and educational opportunities increases rates of preventable diseases and reduces health literacy.
Reduced employment opportunities and financial disadvantage can lead to poor nutrition, higher stress, and increased risk-taking behaviours.
Using an example, explain how urban design and infrastructure can contribute to variations in health status
Urban design and infrastructure can influence health by affecting access to physical activity, healthy foods, and healthcare services. For example, neighborhoods with limited parks, walking paths, or bicycle lanes discourage physical activity, increasing the risk of overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Similarly, areas with poor public transport or healthcare facilities may reduce access to medical care, leading to higher morbidity and mortality in those populations. This contributes to variations in health status between groups living in well-planned versus poorly planned urban areas.
Explain how antioxidants can impact health outcomes?
Antioxidants are nutrients (found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains) that protect the body’s cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can contribute to cell damage.
Impact on disease risk: By neutralising free radicals, antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, which lowers the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, some cancers, and certain neurodegenerative conditions.
Explain how alcohol-related harm can be reduced through public health strategies.
Strategies like taxation, restricting sale hours, and education campaigns reduce consumption and related morbidity, decreasing inequalities between population groups.