Antimicrobial Drugs
Anticancer Drugs
Mental and Behavioral Health Drugs
Gastrointestinal Drugs
Drugs in Substance Abuse Disorder
100
This antibiotic medication can cause crystalluria. This is why we tell the patient to ensure adequate hydration when taking this medication.
What is TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)?
100
This is the term for an agent/drug that causes blistering or severe damage to tissues if there is extravasation.
What is a vesicant?
100
These antidepressent medications block serotonin reuptake into the nerve terminal of the CNS thereby enhancing its transmission at the serotonergic synapse. Side effects may include dry mouth, headache, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, and suicidal ideation.
What are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)?
* Review the prototype chart and think about patient teaching for these medications*
100
What is loperamide hydrochloride used for and what is one side effect that can be life-threatening?
Opioid antidiarrheal - can cause respiratory depression in patients
100
This term means the patient has returned to drug use after a period of abstinence, often accompanied by reinstatement of substance use order.
What is relapse?
*Make sure you familiarize yourself with the terms located in the table 8.2*
200
This is a beta-lactam antibiotic class with five generations. Each generation is effective against a broader spectrum of bacteria, with an increased resistance to destruction by betalactamases, and increased ability to reach CSF
What are CEPHalosporins?
Review side effects/adverse reactions/ of ceftriaxone on p. 320
200
This medication stimulates the production of red blood cells to increase the Hgb concentration. It carries a black box warning for cancer patients - these increase risk of death when given to target Hgb >11g/dL
What is Epoetin Alpha (Erythropoietin)?
* Don't forget the other biologic response modifier - filgrastim (Neupogen) - know indications for Neupogen
200
This class of antidepressants has multiple side effects and drug/food interactions. Foods with tyramine must be avoided - examples of foods to avoid include: aged cheese, yogurt, coffee, bananas, raisins, pickled foods, and sausage. In addition, they have multiple drug-to-drug interactions, so be sure the patient notifies providers when taking this med!
What are Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?
200
This medication is given when a patient has ingested caustic substances (e.g. ammonia, bleach). This is due to the damage the substance may cause to the esophagus if the patient vomits.
What is activated charcoal?
200
This is the drug of choice for respiratory depression caused by opioids (e.g. fentanyl, morphine). The patient may require more than one dose depending on how much of the opioid the patient received.
What is naloxone (Narcan)?
300
This medication is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects and in children < 8 years of age due to irreversible tooth discoloration. Other side effects include photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
What is tetracycline (doxycycline is the prototype in your text)?
300
This monoclonal antibody medication interferes with angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) so it impedes tumor growth and slows metastasis. However, carries a box warning for gastrointestinal perforations, impaired wound healing, and hemorrhage.
What is bevacizumab?
* See pg. 438 for the prototype chart
300
This is the therapeutic drug range for lithium, a mood stabilizer
What is 0.8 - 1.5 mEq/L?
(reported as therapeutic on the prototype chart 0.8-1.2; however 1.5 on the clinical judgment table. We are taking 1.5 as the high end)
* Signs of lithium toxicity include weakness, tremor, ataxia, poor concentration, diarrhea, and confusion
300
These medications work by inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme system in the parietal cells to suppress gastric acid secretion. They do NOT block the H2 receptors. They are often used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in hospitalized patients.
What are proton pump inhibitors (pantoprazole)?
*Histamine2 Blockers (famotidine) block H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach thus reducing acid. These can also be used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in hospitalized patients.
300
This medication is the antidote for benzodiazepines.
What is flumazenil?
400
This antibiotic drug class has a black box warning for the following disabling and potentially irreversible side effects: tendon rupture, tendinitis, peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system effects, and myasthenia gravis exacerbations.
What are fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin is the prototype)?
400
This anticancer medication can lead to congestive heart failure and cardiotoxicity due to the damage of cardiac cell mitochondria. In addition, there is a life-time max out dose for patients.
What is doxorubicin (an anthracycline)?
400
This symptom may occur within days of taking antipsychotic medications. It presents with facial muscle spasms, grimacing, and upward eye movements.
What is acute dystonia?
See Fig. 22.2 for definitions of pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia
400
Insufficient fluid intake with bulk-forming laxatives, like Psyllium, can lead to the drug solidifying in the GI tract. That would leave the patient at risk for developing this adverse reaction.
What is a gastrointestinal obstruction?
*See p. 563 - bulk-forming laxatives and p565 Prototype Chart for Psyllium
400
This medication keeps patients from consuming alcohol by inhibiting alcohol metabolism and creating very unpleasant side effects (nausea, vomiting, headache, and chest pain). The patient should avoid all exposure to alcohol-containing products including rubbing alcohol, aftershave, certain mouthwashes, perfumes, and hand sanitizer.
What is disulfiram (Antabuse)?
*Reactions to alcohol can last up to two weeks after stopping disulfiram
500
This medication is a first-line treatment for tuberculosis. Patient teaching for this medication should include an emphasis on taking vitamin B6 with this medication to lessen or prevent peripheral neuropathy.
What is Isoniazid?
*See Prototype drug chart on p. 348 and Clinical Judgment table on p. 349 for additional patient teaching/considerations
500
This anticancer medication can cause hemorrhagic cystitis due to the inflammation of the lining of the bladder.
What is cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)?
Patients must be educated on monitoring for hematuria and increasing their intake of fluids.
500
This is a serious drug reaction that involves protrusion and rolling of the tongue. The patient may also have involuntary movements of the body and extremities. In older adults, these reactions may be more severe. The antipsychotic drug should be stopped if the nurse observes this reaction.
What is tardive dyskinesia?
See Fig. 22.2 for definitions of pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia
500
A patient is taking lansoprazole, and two antibiotics for his diagnosed peptic ulcer. The nurse knows adherence to the antibiotics is important because what pathogen commonly underlies the diagnosis of peptic ulcer?
What is helicobacter pylori or H. pylori?
500
This medication is used to help patients stop tobacco use. This medication cannot be stopped suddenly as it will lead to withdrawal symptoms. It can also cause false positive urine drug screen results, so be sure to education the patient to let providers know if they are taking this medication.
What is bupropion?
*Familiarize yourself with p. 67-68 Tobacco use, withdrawal symptoms, and medication (bupropion) use