Demography
What is the term for number of births per 1000 people in a year?
Birth Rate
What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
Immigration is moving into a country; emigration is leaving a country.
What shape of pyramid represents a stable population?
Bell-shaped
What term refers to the original peoples of Canada?
Indigenous Peoples (First Nations, Inuit, Métis)
What does “PGR” stand for?
Population Growth Rate
What is the rule of 70 used to calculate?
Doubling Time
What is a pull factor? Give an example.
A reason to move to a country, such as better job opportunities.
Describe what a declining population pyramid looks like.
Inverted pyramid (lots of old people, less young people and declining working adults)
Why have some Indigenous people moved to urban areas?
For education, employment, healthcare, or housing.
How do you calculate doubling time using the Rule of 70?
70 ÷ Growth Rate
What does a high dependency load mean for a population?
A large percentage of the population is either too young or too old to work, placing economic pressure on the working population.
What is Canada’s migration policy called?
Multiculturalism Policy
What type of pyramid is associated with high birth rates and a young population?
Expansive pyramid
Name one challenge faced by isolated Indigenous communities.
Lack of access to healthcare, clean water, or proper housing.
What is the difference between a push and a pull factor?
Push factors drive people away (e.g. war), pull factors attract people (e.g. safety).
Name one cause and one effect of the world population reaching 8 billion.
Cause: Improved healthcare. Effect: Increased strain on natural resources.
Where do most immigrants to Canada settle and why?
Major cities like Toronto and Vancouver, due to job opportunities, family networks, and services.
What can a country learn by studying its population pyramid?
Age distribution, growth trends, and potential economic pressures
What trends are seen in First Nations population growth?
The population is growing faster than the general Canadian population.
What department conducts the Canadian census and how often?
Statistics Canada; every 5 years.
Explain how the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) is calculated.
RNI = Birth Rate - Death Rate
What was the Chinese Head Tax, and why was it introduced?
A tax Chinese immigrants had to pay to enter Canada, intended to discourage Chinese immigration.
Draw or describe what Canada’s population pyramid looks like today and explain what it tells us.
Mostly stable with slight aging; shows a larger older population and fewer births, indicating an aging population.
How does migration differ for Indigenous peoples compared to newcomers?
Indigenous migration is often internal, connected to colonial policies and access to services rather than voluntary movement.
Solve: If birth rate = 12, death rate = 9, immigration = 6, emigration = 4, what is the Population Growth Rate?
RNI = 12 - 9 = 3; NMR = 6 - 4 = 2; PGR = 3 + 2 = 5