Inventions
What machine made spinning thread much faster?
The Spinning Jenny
Where did most factory workers work during the Industrial Revolution?
In factories in cities
What new form of transport ran on steam engines and tracks?
Trains / railways
What do we call people who worked in factories?
Workers / labourers
Were living conditions in cities generally good or poor?
poor
What invention removed seeds from cotton much faster, speeding up production?
The Cotton Gin
What power source did early factories often use before steam?
Water power (later steam)
What did steamships improve?
Trade and travel by water
What is child labour?
Children working in factories or mines
Name one problem in industrial cities.
Pollution / overcrowding / disease
Who improved the steam engine?
James Watt
What was one advantage of factories over cottage industries?
Faster production / mass production
What was the name of the first successful steam locomotive?
George Stephenson’s Rocket
What class grew during the Industrial Revolution due to factory ownership?
Middle class
Why did diseases spread quickly in cities?
Overcrowding and poor sanitation
What invention used steam power to weave cloth?
the power loom
What were working hours like in factories?
long (10 to 14 hours)
How did railways impact industry?
Faster movement of goods and people
What were trade unions?
Groups of workers who fought for better conditions
What were slums?
Poor, overcrowded housing areas
Why was the steam engine important?
It powered machines, factories, and transport
What is mass production?
Producing large amounts of goods quickly
How did transport improvements affect trade?
Made it faster, cheaper, and more efficient
How did the Industrial Revolution change social classes?
It increased the gap between rich and poor but grew the middle class
Give TWO effects of poor living conditions.
Disease, high death rates, pollution, poor health