Reading Assessments and Phonological and Phonemic Awareness
What is the difference between onset and rime?
Onset is the initial consonant sound or consonant blend. Rime is the vowel sound and following consonant sounds after the onset.
What does environmental print refer to?
It refers to printed messages that people encounter in ordinary, daily living. This can include milk cartons, bumper stickers, and toy boxes
Describe how teachers can use multisensory techniques to teach spelling.
Visual: looking at a word and writing it multiple times. Use of color can make an orthographic pattern clearer, and students can use different colored pencils to write out the different letters in the pattern.
Auditory: Some students need to hear the letter in each word as they’re writing it to internalize the spelling, they can say it out loud to themselves or have a partner tell them each letter in the word as they’re writing it.
Kinesthetic: Students can learn spelling through body motions like practicing drawing the letters of a word largely in the air in front of them.
Tactile: Students can do bumpy writing over sandpaper or a window screen to make the act of writing and spelling more engaging to their sense of touch.
Mental imagery: Students can learn spelling by visualizing the word being written in a detailed way, such as by picturing each letter of a word being spelled being painted on a wall in red paint.
What are some examples presented in the text of ways to develop students' word consciousness?
Teaching students about Synonyms & Antonmyns
Homophones & Homographs, Idioms & puns, Etymology
What are the five patterns of text structure in social studies and science books?
Cause and effect, problem and solution, comparison/contrast, sequence, and description.
Why is doing progress-monitoring assessments important after every unit learned?
To ensure students comprehend the lesson. As well as, making sure that students are able to move on to the next lesson or if something needs to be retaught.
What is the Alphabetic Principle?
The understanding that in English, speech sounds are represented in print by letters; letters represent sounds
What is the difference between a closed syllable and an open syllable?
A closed syllable ends in a consonant (both syllables in kick-ball and Nor-mal) and an open syllable ends with a vowel ( The single syllable words re-sign, Mu-sic, e-qual)
What are the 3 most important things for reading development?
Vocabulary, academic language, and background knowledge
What are two ways you can meet the needs of English learners with children’s literature?
Clarifying cultural context of the text and pre-teaching vocabulary.
What is Differentiated Instruction?
Grouping learners by instruction level and using strategies and resources within those groups to meet students’ unique learning needs.
What is Automaticity in Word Recognition
The ability for a student to read swiftly and accurately, a student is reading fluently when they are reading at an appropriate pace with appropriate expression. This fluency directly correlates to reading comprehension.
When is fluency targeted in reading development and why?
Early elementary grades because this is when we focus on teaching children how to read
All stages of reading development because fluency can be achieved in early reading with letter naming and later reading with more complex words and texts
Upper elementary grades because this is when we focus on more complex reading skills like comprehension
Middle school because students are not capable of practicing fluency before this time
All stages of reading development because fluency can be achieved in early reading with letter naming and later reading with more complex words and texts
What does Phonemic Awareness help with?
This type of awareness helps with
-Decoding
-Blending
-Word reading
What are the four postreading tasks you can implement to help children become better at comprehension?
summarizing and retelling, sharing personal perspectives, text-to-self, text-to-text, and text-to-world connections, and creating a visual/graphic representations of what was read
What percentage is a student’s instructional reading level?
90%
How can teachers meet the needs of struggling readers?
Teachers can focus on key phonics skills and high-frequency sight words to provide a slower pace of instruction and more review to scaffold their reading ability. They can also reteach and focus on the phonics skills and sight words that they are having a harder time with. Another way is to utilize different formats or concrete examples to explain the concept and task. And lastly, providing additional practice is always helpful to students who are struggling, such as a hands-on activity categorizing which words have the short “a” or long “a” sound.
What are the 3 key indicators of reading fluency?
The 3 key indicators of reading fluency are: accuracy, rate and prosody.
What are the three levels of comprehension skills that the RICA uses?
Literal comprehension, inferential comprehension, and evaluative comprehension.
How do Story Maps make it easier for students to understand a story?
Story Maps give students a visual way to see the different parts of a story, like characters and events, and how they connect to each other.
What are Summative Assessments?
Measures of achievement that allow determination of whether students have mastered the target standard, whether that is a single unit standard, or end of year multiple standards.
What is the importance for writing activities?
Writing activities provide an opportunity for teachers to sound-symbol relationships that students have mastered. Phonica knowledge will be revealed through their writing.
What is one way that teachers can help English Learners with their structural analysis skills?
Teachers should explicitly teach them about common English root words and affixes to help increase their word identification skills. Additionally, teachers should emphasize affixes common to English and other languages such as Spanish.
What are Inferential and Literal Comprehension skills?
A:Inferring main ideas,making comparisons, Identifying cause and effect, drawing conclusions, Making generalizations, predictions, and inferring themes are types of these skills.
A: Identifying explicit main ideas, details and sequences, clearly stated cause and effect, and components of story grammar are types of these skills.
What is an expository text?
These texts provide information about a topic. This would include a social studies textbook or an informative text about an animal as well as other examples.