Enlightenment
Used absolute power to make reforms in their respective countries.
Enlightened Despots
Social Classes of Pre-Revolution France
Estates
Land, Labor, and Capital
Factors of Production
The TWO ideologies that challenged the conservative order.
Liberalism and Nationalism
"When ____________ sneezes Europe catches a cold."
- Klemens von Metternich
France
Enlightenment thinker who advocated women's rights.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Responsible for carrying out a balance of power throughout Europe.
Congress of Vienna / Klemens von Metternich
Invention that improved transportation and allowed factories to be built anywhere
Steam Engine
Ideology that drove German and Italian unification
Nationalism
The "Father" of Socialism
Robert Owen
Had a negative view on human nature and thought the best form of government was an absolute monarchy.
Thomas Hobbes
Used scorched-earth policy when Napoleon invaded in 1812
Russia
This ideology had a "laissez-faire" policy
Capitalism
The year that saw the most revolutions fail and saw a return to conservative forms of government
1848
Wealthy/Educated members of the 3rd Estate
Bourgeoisie
How were Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe?
1) Urbanization
2) Salons
3) Coffeehouses
4) Printing Press
Political group who dominated politics during the Reign of Terror
Jacobins
Landowners built fences around land to experiment with new methods of agriculture
Enclosure Movement
Used Realpolitik to unify Germany
Otto von Bismarck
First industry to industrialize during the Industrial Revolution.
Textiles
These are the type of laws enlightened philosophers believed government decisions should be based on.
Natural Laws / Laws of Reason
Government of outlined in the Constitution of 1791
Constitutional Monarchy
1) Working class
2) Proletariat
3) The "Have-Nots"
The last war to unify Germany
The Franco-Prussian War
Master-mind of Italian unification
Camillo di Cavour