The Crusades
A series of military expeditions by European Christians to the Holy Land.
Who began the Safavid Empire?
Esma'il I
How did the Black Death spread?
Bacteria carried on fleas carried on rats.
The Ottoman system that allowed religious minorities autonomy.
Millet system
Pope Urban II
In which Crusade did Salah al-Din and Richard the Lionheart face off?
The Third Crusade
Who was the Sultan during the Ottoman Golden Age?
Suleyman the Magnificent
During the Renaissance, what was the return to Greek and Roman ideals like studying language, literature, and history?
Dark Ages
Who began the Ottoman Empire?
Osman I
Name three motivations for the Crusades.
Glory, personal gain (like land), economic reasons (escape famine or gain wealth), forgiveness of sins, forced to go
What is the definition of an empire, as we learned in class? 3 components.
Central authority that governs lots of land or diverse peoples through direct or indirect control.
How did the Protestant Reformation affect religious attitudes in the United States?
Religious freedom was enshrined in the U.S. constitution.
The Catholic Church's practice of promising forgiveness of sin in exchange for money.
Indulgences
Who was the Aztec emperor when the Spanish conquered their empire?
Moctezuma or Montezuma
According to the first reading, "Why Study History?", what is one reason we should study history?
History helps us understand people and societies.
History contributes to moral understanding.
History is essential for good citizenship.
What was the Safavid policy toward Sunni Muslims?
Forced conversion or persecution.
Name two characteristics of the Renaissance.
Increased interest in art, more inventions, religious reform, age of exploration, humanism
What was the name of the enslaved soldiers of the Safavid empire?
Ghulams
Who painted The Ambassadors?
Hans Holbein
According to Suleiman Murad, what is the danger of remembering the Crusades an epic battle between East and West?
It can lead to Islamophobia in the West and fear or hatred of the West in Muslim-majority countries.
From the perspective of someone in the devshirme system, name one way it was positive and one way it was negative.
Positive: potential for upward mobility
Negative: forced from home, forced conversion, forced to fight/be a court official
How does historian Matthew Restall interpret Moctezuma's statement that he had been expecting Cortes as the rightful ruler of the Aztecs.
Moctezuma was being polite by speaking about Cortes' importance in order to highlight his own stature.
What is the name of the Encyclopedia put together by Bernardino de Sahagun about Aztec culture?
The Florentine Codex
Who was the King of Spain when Cortes disobeyed orders and attempted to conquer the Aztec empire?
King Charles V