Reproduction & Variation
Heredity and Genetics
Patterns of Inheritance
Cells & DNA
Adaptations & Experiments
100

What type of reproduction involves two parents combining genetic material?

Sexual reproduction

100

What is heredity?

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

100

What is incomplete dominance?

A blend of traits (e.g., red + white = pink)

100

What organelle stores genetic material?

The nucleus

100

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

The factor that is changed

200

Why does asexual reproduction produce identical offspring?

There’s only one parent, so DNA is copied exactly

200

What do we call the different forms of a gene?

Alleles

200

What is codominance?

Both traits show (e.g., red and white spots)

200

What is the main function of DNA?

To carry instructions for traits and cell activities

200

Why are controlled variables important?

They ensure only one factor is tested at a time

300

What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual?

It takes more time and energy

300

How can two parents with brown eyes have a child with blue eyes?

Both parents carry a recessive blue-eye allele

300

If two heterozygous plants (Rr × Rr) are crossed, what’s the genotype ratio?

1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr

300

What process allows multicellular organisms to grow?

Mitosis

300

Give an example of an adaptation that helps an animal survive.

Thick fur for cold climates; long necks to reach food

400

Which type of reproduction increases genetic diversity, and why is that beneficial?

Sexual reproduction; helps populations survive environmental changes

400

Explain how environment can influence a trait that’s usually genetic.

Environmental conditions can affect gene expression (e.g., nutrition affecting height)

400

In humans, blood type shows codominance. Which alleles make blood type AB?

A and B alleles

400

How does DNA determine an organism’s traits?

It codes for proteins that express traits

400

Why might a gray rat snake survive better in a rocky habitat than a green one?

Camouflage helps it hide from predators

500

Some lizards can reproduce without males. What type of reproduction is this, and what is a possible drawback?

Asexual reproduction; less genetic variation means less adaptability

500

If a gene has two alleles, R (dominant) and r (recessive), what percentage of offspring will show the dominant trait if both parents are Rr?

75%

500

A white flower and red flower produce pink offspring. Predict what would happen if two pink offspring were crossed.

25% red, 50% pink, 25% white

500

What would happen if DNA in a cell were damaged and not repaired?

The cell might malfunction or die; could lead to mutations

500

Explain how genetic variation supports natural selection.

Variation allows some individuals to survive changes and pass on beneficial traits.

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