Fall & Legacy
Two economic problems that contributed to the Roman's decline?
Excessive military spending, inflation (salaries paid in food/clothing), unemployment, heavy taxes.
Which emperor moved the capital to the east and renamed it after himself?
Constantine
What was the name of Justinian’s wife who advised him and pushed for reforms that helped expand women’s rights?
Theodora
Who was the head of the Roman Church?
The Pope.
What weapon, invented by the Byzantines in the 670s, was used by their navy and could continue burning even on water?
Greek Fire
Why did the size of the Roman Empire make it vulnerable?
The empire grew too large to control, making defense and administration difficult.
On which strait is Constantinople located, making it an ideal trade center between Europe and Asia?
Bosphorus strait
What name is given to Justinian’s set of reformed laws that became the basis for many European legal systems?
Justinian Code
Who was the head of the Eastern Christian Church in Constantinople?
The Patriarch
Which group invaded Byzantine lands and captured Jerusalem, prompting Byzantine Emperor Alexius I to ask for help?
Seljuk Turks
Two social issues that contributed to the Rome’s decline.
Decline in morals and values (gladiator games), urban decay, rise of Christianity.
Why was Constantinople easier to defend than many other cities? Give one specific geographic or structural reason mentioned in the notes.
Surrounded by water on all three sides.
Name one major building Justinian constructed when he rebuilt Constantinople after the 532 Nika riots.
Hagia Sophia
What term describes the movement/policy begun around 726 that removed religious images from churches?
Icons/Iconoclasm
Which pope called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
The Emperor who first co-appointed an emperor to help with the empire's demanded?
Diocletian
In what year did Emperor Theodosius divide the Roman Empire into two separate empires?
395
Between 533–555 Justinian fought wars against several groups to regain former Roman lands. Name two of those groups or regions.
Vandals, Ostrogoths, Visigoths.
In what year were icons officially allowed again, an event celebrated as the Triumph of Orthodoxy?
843 CE
What happened to Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade that seriously weakened the Byzantine Empire?
Crusaders burned, ransacked, and took control of Constantinople.
The Roman Empire at its peak extended into which 3 continents?
Europe, Asia, and Africa.
After the fall of Rome in 476, how many more years (approximately) did the Byzantine Empire continue to exist?
1000
Two consequences of Justinian’s military campaigns.
Expensive and depleted the empire's treasury.
What major event in 1054 officially divided the Christian Church into two.
The Great Schism.
Who ultimately conquered Constantinople in 1453, and what new name was given to the city after its conquest?
The Ottomans and Istanbul