Legacy of Sulla
A brutal campaign of state-sanctioned murder and property confiscation
What are proscriptions?
The First Triumvirate consisted of Caesar, Crassus, and this prestigious Roman.
Who is Pompey?
This political faction sought to preserve the traditional authority of the aristocracy.
Who were the Optimates?
This former ally became Pompey's chief opponent during the Civil War.
Who is Julius Caesar?
This group increasingly looked to powerful generals rather than the state for rewards and security.
Who were veterans?
Sulla's proscriptions were lists of people marked for this fate.
What is execution (or death/confiscation)?
This informal political alliance was formed in 60 BC.
What is the First Triumvirate?
This political faction appealed directly to the Roman people for support.
Who were the Populares?
The Senate ordered Caesar to surrender this before returning to Rome.
What is his army (or military command)?
Clodius and Milo became notorious for using this method to influence politics.
What is urban violence?
Sulla increased the number of members in this governing body to strengthen aristocratic control.
What is the Senate?
Caesar gained military prestige and wealth through his conquest of this region.
What is Gaul
This reformer and his brother became symbols of popularis politics in the second century BC.
Who is Gaius Graccchus?
Pompey's political support largely came from this conservative faction.
Who were the Optimates?
This military reform is often linked to the growth of personal loyalty between soldiers and generals.
What are the Marian Reforms?
Sulla became the first Roman leader to march this force on Rome itself.
What is the army?
The death of this member at Carrhae weakened the alliance significantly.
Who is Crassus?
This political institution was frequently used by populares to bypass senatorial opposition.
What is the Tribal Assembly (or Popular Assembly)?
Following the death of Crassus, this connection between Caesar and Pompey was no longer able to help maintain their alliance.
What is the marriage alliance through Julia (or the marriage of Pompey and Julia)?
This event in 52 BC demonstrated the extent to which urban violence had destabilised Roman politics, leading to Pompey being appointed sole consul.
What is the murder of Clodius (or the Clodius–Milo conflict)?
Historians often argue that Sulla's most significant legacy was establishing this dangerous precedent that weakened the Republic.
What is the use of military force to gain political power (or marching on Rome)?
This river became a symbol of Caesar's challenge to senatorial authority in 49 BC.
What is the Rubicon?
This key issue divided optimates and populares in their approach to governing Rome.
What is the source of political authority (Senate vs the people)?
This Senate decree of January 49 BC declared Caesar an enemy of the state unless he surrendered his command, helping trigger the Civil War.
What is the Senatus Consultum Ultimum?
This political office was granted to Pompey without a colleague in 52 BC as a response to disorder in Rome.
What is sole consul?