Scientists
First to propose a heliocentric model of the heavens
A variable that affects the outcome of the experiment without the researchers being aware of it.
Lurking variable
He proposed three laws of motion to apply to all matter, not just the planets.
Isaac Newton
The energy an object possesses because it is in motion.
kinetic energy
You travel to outer space- which changes: your mass or your weight?
weight
Resistance to change in an object's state of motion is known as this
Inertia
How many days are in 1 year
365 days= 1 year.
Developed a mathematical model that described the orbits of planets as ellipses, with two foci, one being the sun
Johannes Kepler
The fineness or resolution of measurement which is reflected in the number of significant figures present.
Precision.
This is the CAUSE of acceleration
Force
List two different kinds of energy that would be present during a car crash.
kinetic energy, thermal energy, elastic potential energy, acoustic energy.
What is 501000 in scientific notation?
5.01x10^5
The amount of substance within an object is known as this.
Mass.
How many centimeters are in 1 inch?
2.54 cm= 1 inch
Proposed a model of the heavens that included spheres and explained retrograde motion using epicycles
Ptolemy
A scientific model that explains most or all of the related facts.
theory
A bug hits a windshield. What is the reaction force to this force?
The windshield hits the bug with an equal force in the opposite direction.
This is the first step (PLACE and FORM) we use for all of the energy trails we describe for energy transformations on earth.
The sun, nuclear energy.
Which has more momentum- a 50 kg person running at 5 m/s or a 25 kg person running at 10 m/s?
They have the same momentum.
In this type of collision, the kinetic energy of the moving objects is not conserved within the system of the objects.
Inelastic collision.
How many seconds are in 1 hour?
1 hr= 3600 sec
Held so strongly to Copernicus's theory of planetary motion that he published a major work debunking Ptolemy's model of the heavens, got into an argument with the church, and also improved the telescope and proposed the idea of inertia.
Galileo Galilei
List one thing a scientist must do before creating a hypothesis according the scientific method.
State the problem or research the problem.
You throw an object in outer space. What will happen (include direction) and why?
It will keep moving at a constant speed in a straight line until another force acts on it. This happens because of Newton's first law/the object has inertia.
A boy does 200 J of work pushing a barrel up a hill. How much gravitational potential energy does the barrel have now compared to at the bottom of the hill?
200 J
350,000 cm is how many kilometers?
3.5 km
Answer with the correct number of sig figs: 2.30 x 4.550 x 6.9= ?? (the calculator says 72.2085)
72
The acceleration due to gravity, or g.
9.80 m/s^2
Stated that gravity was actually caused when mass caused a curvature in space-time
A scientist performs an experiment to test a theory, however his results do not agree with the theory. What is one reason this might happen?
Incorrect understanding of theory
Poor experimental design
Weakness in the theory itself
A baseball player catches a flyball by applying a force to the ball, but it makes his hands sting. Quote one of Newton's laws and explain why this is so (using the law).
Answers vary. One possibility- Newton's third law- as hard as the player pushed on the ball, the ball pushed back on his hand which made it sting.
This opposing force causes energy to flow out of a system in the form of heat (thermal energy) and thereby reduces the kinetic energy available to the system.
Friction.
List one characteristic of Ptolemy's model of the solar system (not a sphere) and explain what we now know to be true.
circular orbits: elliptical orbits
perfect heavenly bodies: sun spots, moon craters
planets need a push: keep moving due to inertia
geocentric: heliocentric
List the steps in an energy trail from the sun to a galloping horse. (at least four places and forms)
sun (nuclear) -> space (EM radiation) -> plants (chemical potential energy) -> horse's muscles (chemical potential energy) -> galloping horse (kinetic energy)
The speed of light.
3.00 x 10^8 m/s or 300,000,000 m/s