Unit 1
Who is known as the father of marine biology
Aristole
What was the known as a supercontinent during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras
Pangea
What drives deep ocean currents
temperature, salinity and density
What kingdom do all animals belong to?
Kingdom Animalia
what makes up the structure and flexibility of sponges
spongin and spicules
Which branch of marine science focuses primarily on the study of the physical and biological properties of the ocean.
Marine biology
Describe what early earth looked like and how scientists discovered plate tectonics
At first, the Earth was not even able to support life. There was no oxygen in the atmosphere, and Earth's surface was extremely hot. Slowly, over millions of years, the Earth changed so that plants and animals could begin to grow. Living things then changed the Earth even more.
What is the difference between spring and neap tides?
Spring tides occur when the sun mood and earth are all aligned created the strongest high high tide and lowest low tide. This happens at the full and new moon
Neap tides are seen at the 1st and 3rd quarter. Ther is still a strong high and low tide
What are the three types of symmetry we have talked about and an example
asymmetrical- sponges
radial- sea star
bilateral- lobster
What are the two forms seen in Phylum Cnidaria? draw and label
polyp and medusa
Describe the two early ocean expeditions and what they did upon those expeditions
HMS Beagle- First expedition that stayed close to shore where they discovered over 400 species
HMS Challenger- First open ocean expedition where they traveled across vast oceans. They discovers thousands of new species. They tested ocean depth, ocean temperature and more
Draw and label the three levels of the ocean basin
continental shelf
continental slope
Abyssal plain
How does the water cycle contribute to either an increase or decrease in salinity in ocean waters?
Precipitation decreases salinity
Evaporation increases salinity
What are the all 5 phylum's skeleton
Porifera- none
Cnidaria- hydrostatic
Echinodermata- endoskeleton
Arthropoda- exoskeleton
Mollusca- endo and exo
This mollusk organ is responsible for secreting the shell, and it is typically a soft, muscular structure that also aids in movement.
mantle
What is the difference between a habitat and an ecosystem? Provide an example of each
A habitat is a place where a single species live while an ecosystem is where multiple species interact. There are both abiotic and biotic features.
habitat- shell
Ecosystem- coral reef
Draw and labels earths layers
inner core
outer core
mantle
asthenosphere
lithosphere
crust
Draw and label the 4 parts of the wave
wave height
wave length
wave crest
wave trough
What are all 5 phylums nervous systems
Porifera- none
Cnidaria- nerve net
Echinodermata- nerve net and nerve cord
Arthropoda- CNS
Mollusca- CNS
Explain to me why marine bio diversity is important and how humans play a pivotal role in this.
Marine biodiversity is crucial because it supports healthy ocean ecosystems that regulate climate, produce oxygen, and provide food and livelihoods for millions of people. Diverse marine species contribute to the stability and resilience of these ecosystems, helping them recover from environmental stresses. Humans play a pivotal role in preserving marine biodiversity through sustainable practices, reducing pollution, and protecting habitats like coral reefs and mangroves. By fostering conservation efforts, humans can help maintain the balance of marine ecosystems, ensuring the health of our oceans for future generations.
What are the layers of the trophic levels with a specific example
Primary Producer- phytoplankton
Primary Consumer- Sponges
Secondary consumer- parrot fish
Tertiary consumer- barracuda
Apex predator- Blacktip reef shark
Decomposer- tube worm
What are the three plate boundaries with an explanation on how they move and an example of each
Convergent - spread towards one another. When you have plates of equal density they push upwards creating mountains. Ex: Mt. Everest. When you have a dense plate like continental crust and a less dense lice oceanic crust the less dense will slide under via subduction. Ex: Mariana's trench
Divergent- plates move away each other. This is when magma pushes up on earths crust to create new curst. Ex: Mid Atlantic ridge
Transform- When the plates slide past one another creating friction resulting in earthquakes. Ex: San Andreas Fault
Using key vocab words describe how ocean waves and currents are created
There are three types of waves: surface, tidal, and tsunami. Surface waves are waves that are created vie energy from the wind that is passed to the ocean. It travels down in a circular motion which is caused by Eckman transport. As the earth constantly rotates there is a deflection of all items called the Coriolis effect. It deflects items to the right in the north and the left in the south.
There are both surface and deep ocean currents. Surface currents are driven by the wind energy. The Coriolis and Eckman transport have an impact on the movement and direction they move. But that energy will not travel to the bottom of the ocean. Once it gets to a certain depth temperature, salinity, and density play a role in what drives those currents. This allows a great distribution of nutrients and oxygen from the surface and the deep parts of the ocean via upwelling and downwelling.
Compare and contrast the way water moves through Phylum Porifera and Phylum Echinodermata
Porifera: ostia -> collar cells -> spongocoel -> osculum *filter feeding due to a sessile life
Echinodermata: madreporite -> stone canal -> ring canal -> radial canal -> tube feet
assists in movement
list all 5 phylum's with an example and a key characteristic
Phylum Porifera- sponges
Phylum Cnidaria- jellyfish, corals, anenmoe
Phylum Echinodermata- sea star, sea urchin, sand dollar
Phylum Arthropoda - crabs, lobsters, crayfish
Phylum Mollusca- squids, octopus, clams