Fall Term Chemistry

Solutions and Mixtures

100

the substance that dissolves into another substance

solute

200

when the particles are evenly distributed throughout

homogeneous mixture

300

when substances are not evenly mixed throughout and can be easily separated

heterogeneous mixture

400

when a substance falls out of solution during a chemical reaction

precipitation

500

when covalent compounds are mixed with a solvent, they dissolve.

when ionic compounds are mixed with a solvent, they this.

dissociate

Periodic Table

100

most of the elements on the periodic table are this type of substance

metal

200

the least reactive group of nonmetals

noble gases (group 8)

300

sodium reacts violently with water just like many other elements from this group

alkali metals

400

all of these elements are synthetic and radioactive

actinides (actinoids)

500

these are very reactive, liquid or solid at room temperature, and typically form salts with an alkali metal

halogens

Bonds and Forces

100

the sharing of electrons

covalent bond

200

when electrons are exchanged between metal and nonmetal

ionic bond

300

a weak intermolecular force that exists in all molecules do to the random movement of electrons

London dispersion force (Van der Waals force)

400

this IMF occurs during dissociation

ion-dipole interaction

500

an intermolecular force with highly electronegative atoms that affect the substance's boiling point

hydrogen bond

Electrons

100

The group number of an element tells the number of 

valence electrons

200

oxygen will only form two bonds because it has __ valence electrons

6

300

the ability of an atom to pull on electrons in a covalent bond

electronegativity

400

any atom with a valence electron configuration of p⁵ is a 

halogen

500

the d orbital can hold up to ___ electrons

10

Ionic & Covalent Compounds

100

what is the chemical name for NaCl?

sodium chloride

200

Complete the word association:

covalent, __________, physical change

ionic, dissociation, chemical change

dissolution

300

This molecule has two polar covalent bonds due to a highly electronegative middle atom, and thus is able to dissolve other substances very well, and it can interact with other molecules like it to remain liquid at high temperature

water

400

these types of ionic compounds readily absorb water and become heavier, which affects dissociation and replacement reactions

hydrates

500

What is the polyatomic cation and polyatomic anion of this compound: NH₄NO₃? And draw the Lewis Structure

ammonium is the cation; nitrate is the anion